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Review of Literature Essay Example for Free

Audit of Literature Essay Dear customer, if it's not too much trouble fill in the dates in the entries and the spaces. much obliged to you. Key achievements have just been built up for this venture, as suggested by the KBS’s PLS FILL UP Program NAME. : Interim Project Submission 12 July 2006 Draft Project Submission 1 September 2006 Final Project Submission 30 September 2006 Through these dates, a draft of the program has been defined notwithstanding the list of the extra achievements. Now the system is an estimation of the dates of expectations of the items in the achievements as these rely upon the coordination and the collaboration of the distinguished defenders of this proposed explore. Now the examination intends to get the fitting authorizations and letters required that demands for the formalization of the investment, particularly as this requires working with bars and clubs. DEAR CLIENT, PLEASE FILL UP THE APPROPRIATE DATES FOR YOUR RESEARCH Program IN THIS TABLE, THANK YOU. Action No of Days Start Date Finish Date. Task Proposal Submission 0 Thu 04/05/06 Thu 04/05/06 Literature Review 90 Mon 01/05/06 Fri 01/09/06 Refine Methodology 31 Thu 04/05/06 Thu 15/06/06 Meet with potential venture sponsor(s) 3 Thu 01/06/06 Mon 05/06/06 First Draft of Questionnaire 10 Thu 01/06/06 Wed 14/06/06 Identify Questionnaire Addressees 10 Thu 01/06/06 Wed 14/06/06 Identify and contact potential interviewees 10 Thu 01/06/06 Wed 14/06/06 Meet with Supervisor 0 Mon 19/06/06 Mon 19/06/06 Final Questionnaire 5 Tue 20/06/06 Mon 26/06/06 Pre-test survey 3 Tue 27/06/06 Thu 29/06/06 Contact Interviewees 10 Tue 20/06/06 Mon 03/07/06. Convey survey 1 Fri 30/06/06 Fri 30/06/06 Interim Project Submission 0 Wed 12/07/06 Wed 12/07/06 Follow-up to poll 5 Wed 12/07/06 Tue 18/07/06 Interviews 10 Mon 17/07/06 Fri 28/07/06 Meet with Supervisor 0 Mon 31/07/06 Mon 31/07/06 Analysis of Primary Research 20 Mon 31/07/06 Fri 25/08/06 Telephone development/meet as required 25 Mon 07/08/06 Fri 08/09/06 Meet with Supervisor 0 Wed 23/08/06 Wed 23/08/06 Draft Project Submission 0 Fri 01/09/06 Fri 01/09/06 Meet with Supervisor 0 Mon 11/09/06 Mon 11/09/06 Refine and change Submission 19 Mon 04/09/06 Thu 28/09/06. Last Project Submission 0 Fri 29/09/06 Fri 29/09/06 Contingency As recently referenced, one of the difficulties of this paper is the absence of available insightful and scholarly examinations concerning occasions the board in the bar and club organizations. In such manner, this examination intends to use of the accessible writing and studies from comparable sources, for example, contextual analyses on specific occasions and comparative tasks, for example, cafés. This investigation subsequently depends on direct essential information which will be assembled relying upon the level of support of recognized club and bar proprietors. A possibility is that this paper proceeds ahead with the examination movement and source data from auxiliary sources as the establishments of this investigation; there will be in this way a heavier way to deal with examination and the exploration structure is in all likelihood changed should issues in assets come up. Refered to Works and Bibliography Bowdin, Glenn, Harris, Johnny, OToole, William, Harris, Rob, McDonnel, Ian. Occasions Management, second Ed. London: Elsevier, 2006. Earthy colored, Douglas Robert Miron, Amanda. The Professional Bar Beverage Managers Handbook: How to Open and Operate a Financially Successful Bar, Tavern and Night Club. Florida: Atlantic Publishing Company, 2005. Chatterton, Paul Hollands, Robert. Urban Nightscapes: Youth Cultures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power. New York: Routledge, 2003. Timid, Robin. The Complete Idiots Guide to Meeting Event Planning, second Edition. Exton, PA: Alpha, 2006. Culp, Christopher. The Risk Management Process: Business Strategy and Tactics. New York: Wiley, 2001. Dommermuth W. P. Advancement: Analysis, innovativeness, and methodology, second ed. Boston: PWS-Kent, 1989. Goldblatt, J. Unique Events: Best Practices in Modern Event Management, new York: van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997. Henderson, Karla. â€Å"Marketing Recreation and Physical Activity Programs for Females†. JOPERDThe Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 66(1995): 53+. Hormozi, Amir Dube, Leon. â€Å"Establishing Project Control: Schedule, Cost, and Quality†. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 64(1999): 32+. Jones, K. S. Night club advancements manual source list: How to make energizing, gainful occasion schedules for your bar. Hughes Company, 1993. Mack, Rhonda W. â€Å"Event Sponsorship: An Exploratory Study of Small Business Objectives, Practices, and Perceptions†. Diary of Small Business Management, 37(1999): 25+. Michman, Ronald. Way of life Market Segmentation. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1991. Roche, Maurice. Super Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture. New York: Routledge. Soares, Eric. Limited time Feats: The Role of Planned Events in the Marketing Communications Mix. New York: Quorum Books, 1991. Shore, Anton Parry, Brynn. Effective Event Management. London: Thomson, 2004. Silvers, Julia. Occasion Management Body of Knowledge. 2009. Julia Rutherford Silvers. 16 June 2009. http://www. juliasilvers. com/embok. htm. Proficient Event Coordination (The Wiley Event Management Series). New Jersey: Wiley, 2003. Smith, Robert. An Entrepreneurs Guide to Running a Profitable Club Operation. Fairfax, Vermont: Upland Publications, 2001. Webster, Francis Knutson, Joanne. What is Project Management? Venture Management Concepts and Methodologies. The AMA Handbook of Project Management, P. Dinsmore J. Cabanis-Brewin, Eds. New York: AMACOM, 2006. Westerbeek, Hans, Smith, Aaron, Turner, Paul, Emery, Paul, Green, Christine, van Leeuwen, Linda. Overseeing Sport Facilities and Major Events. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen Unwin, 2005.

Tips for Managing Your Money in Old Age

Tips for Managing Your Money in Old Age Tips for Managing Your Money in Old Age Tips for Managing Your Money in Old AgeThe sooner you start getting serious with your money, the easier it will be to manage your finances during your golden years.Retirement is a time that’s meant to be enjoyed, not stressed over. But if you’re not managing your money properly, the odds of that stress-free retirement coming to pass are pretty low.In fact, if you don’t have enough money saved up to supplement your Social Security checks, your retirement years could end up missing one crucial thing: retirement.In a worst-case scenario, you might even end up relying on predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like payday loans, cash advances, or even title loans) to make ends meet.That’s not what you want, which is why we reached out to some financial and elder care experts for their advice on managing your money in old age. The sooner you start following these helpful tips, the more comfortable your retirement will be!Build a budget.  In order to enjoy your golden years, you’re going to need money, and the only way you’re going to have that money is if you save it. That means creating (and sticking to) a budget.“You should start planning as soon as you feel your future retirement is in jeopardy,” offered Holly Peterson, owner of  Elite Retirement Strategies in Pocatello, Idaho. “If you don’t track your spending, you can’t get control of your savings.”“Work to create a budget to see how much you need to save in order to retire,” she said. “Creating and sticking with a budget is one of the most essential parts of saving money.”If you’re at a bit a loss for how to do that, don’t fret. We have a handy guide for budgeting beginners, complete with a  free downloadable spreadsheet that you can use to build a budget of your very own!Be prepared to ask for help.There are lots of people who feel uncomfortable asking for help; but as you age, the odds increase that you’re going to require some assistanceâ€"espec ially with your money. The sooner you make peace with thatâ€"and plan accordinglyâ€"the better.“As a senior, there may come a time when you want someone you trust to help you manage your money.” Susanna Williams, a consultant for Hospice of South Louisiana. Consider keeping a list of all of your financial institutes and accounts and keep it locked in a safe place only accessible by your loved ones if there’s an emergency.”An attorney can help you decide if you need a document called a Power of Attorney which allows other people that you specifically designate to make key decisions over your finances,” she continued.“This can keep you feeling secure with your finances in case of any illnesses or other emergencies that make you unable to manage to your finances yourself.”Think about where you’ll retire.“Housing costs comprise the largest, single monthly expense for many Americans,” explained Drew Kellerman, founder of  Phase 2 Wealth Advisors in Gig Harbor, Washing ton. As such, he had a couple of different recommendations for how you can keep your housing costs down in retirement.“One way to make ends meet on Social Security is to consider moving in with extended family,” he said. “This arrangement can be in exchange for sharing some of the housing expenses, helping with the chores, watching the grandkids on a regular basis, etc.”But if that’s not a good option, Kellerman suggested that you might want to reconsider where, exactly, you’re planning to retire.“Another comprehensive way to stretch your dollar is to live in a place with a lower cost of living,” he said. “Here in the U.S., it costs far more to live in the most densely populated, coastal city areas than it does in many other parts of our nation.”And Kellerman even suggested that you could consider retiring abroad:“Many retirees who would barely get by on their modest income here in the U.S.A. have found that they can live at least a middle-class lifestyle on So cial Security alone, depending on where they choose to live.”“This is not a decision to be taken lightly, as there are many factors that should be considered,” he cautioned. “If living abroad in retirement is appealing, we recommend conducting thorough research and ‘test trips before making the big move.”Earn some extra income.One of the issues that many people struggle with post-retirement is boredom: They simply don’t have enough to do! Meanwhile, many others don’t have quite enough money saved up to live the kind of lifestyle they would like to.Two birds, meet one stone: You can get a side gig to add structure to your day and  to help you  earn some extra money  after youve retired.“In the current gig economy, there are many ways for people to earn extra money on top of a traditional income,” said Peterson. “Seniors even have the ability to choose gigs that match personal interests, like becoming a babysitter, dog walker, or driving for Uber.And even if you haven’t retired yet, that doesn’t mean that some extra cash here or there won’t do you good. In fact, Peterson recommends funneling that additional income directly into a retirement account.Right now is also perfect time to look for extra work. “With the economy nearing full employment, there are likely many part-time job opportunities in your area,” said Kellerman. Earning a few hundred dollars per month to supplement Social Security can make a huge difference for someone on a very tight budget.”Worried about that extra income creating some problems with your Social Security benefits? You can relax. “Even if you have not yet attained ‘full retirement age’ you can earn more than $1,300 per month without ‘losing’ any of your Social Security,” Kellerman clarified.Depending on your situation, you might be able to earn extra income from a slightly more passive source:“Many retirees who own their own home don’t want to leave but can’t really afford to stay,â € said Kellerman. “Does your home have extra rooms not in use? Consider leasing a room or two to carefully selected renters. Or, if you’re ambitious, investigate taking in short-term vacation renters through programs such as Airbnb. Both options can generate additional cash flow.”Look for senior discounts and deals.You’re probably well aware that senior discounts can help you stretch your budget further. But did you know that you could also get a senior discount on financial services?“When you hit a certain age, some financial institutions offer breaks on services,” said Williams. “Make sure to comparison shop with your bank. Don’t just settle for one if others will offer you deals as a senior that can help you hold onto more of your saved finances.“If you like your bank, let them know the offers that you have seen through other banks and see if they’ll give you the same senior discounts,” she added.And in the meantime, you should be taking advantage of any an d all senior discounts you can find. For more information on possible deals in your area, check out our blog post on 40 places that offer great senior discounts.Research senior benefit  and aid programs.Beyond just shopping around for senior discounts and making sure you ask for help with your finances, you should also be taking full advantage of the numerous government benefit and senior aid programs that this country has to offer.“Did you know there are over 2,500 benefit programs nationwide that can help ‘lower income’ seniors with expenses related to housing, medication, healthcare, taxes, etc.?” said Kellerman. “The catch? Searching for, sifting through and sorting out which benefit programs are available to you can be daunting.”Luckily, this isn’t something you will have to handle entirely on your own. “The National Council for Aging has created a fabulous non-profit website that makes it super easy to find out which of these programs you may be eligible for: w ww.BenefitsCheckup.org,” he said.According to Kellerman, that site can assist you with “public assistance programs that can offset the costs of medication, health care, food and nutrition, housing and utilities, as well as provide income assistance, help for veterans, employment assistance and more.”Peterson suggested two federal programs that can be particularly helpful:“Supplemental Security Income: This federally funded income supplement program is designed to help older people with little to no income who suffer from disabilities like blindness or even diabetes. Eligible recipients are given cash for their basic needs like housing, food or other necessities. SSI is a great program to help protect vulnerable seniors who have extra expenses due to their disabilities.”“Extra Help with Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Costs: The Extra Help program is available to qualifying seniors who are already using Medicare. This program helps pay for monthly premiums, annual deducti bles, and drug co-payments. In total, the program is estimated to be worth about $4,000 a year. Extra Help is a great way for seniors to make sure they’re still able to get important medication without worrying about costs.”The earlier you start getting serious with your money, the easier it will be to manage those funds throughout your golden years. Start now, and reap the benefits later. To learn more about managing your finances, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Save More Money with These 40 Expert Tips8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackYour Guide to Escaping a Debt TrapHow to Responsibly Maximize Your Credit Card RewardsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsDrew Kellerman is the founder of  Phase 2 Wealth Advisors in Gig Harbor, Washington.Holly Peterson is the owner of  Elite Retirement Strategies in Twin Falls, Idaho .Susanna Williams is a consultant for  Hospice of South Louisiana, a hospice that provides a holistic approach to symptom management and support for elderly patients and their families. Hospice of South Louisiana has been awarded Readers Choice Award for Hospice and received a top ranking of 100% compliance by Medicare.

The Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes

The Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes is a thorough analysis about doubt. Descartes describes his method of doubt to determine whether he can truly know something. One of his major arguments is the proof of the existence of God. In this paper, I will attempt to unravel the flaws in Descartes proof that God exists. In the meditations, Descartes evaluates whether or not everything we know is a reality or a dream. Descartes claims that we can only be sure that our beliefs are true when we clearly and distinctively perceive them to be true. As the reader analyzes the third meditation, Descartes has confirmed that some of his beliefs are in fact true. The first is that Descartes himself exists. This is expressed in what has now become a popular quote known as the â€Å"Cogito† which says, â€Å"I think therefore I am. His second conclusion is that God exist and that he is not a deceiver. Descartes then presents his arguments to prove the existence of God. He argues that by nature humans are imperfect beings. Furthermore, humankind could not possibly be able to comprehend perfection or infinite things on their own. He writes, â€Å"By the name of God I understand a substance that is infinite, independent, all-knowing, all powerful, and which myself and everything else†¦have been creat ed.†(16) Descartes uses this description of God to display the distinction between God and man. Descartes believes that man contrasts many of the characteristics of God, since humans areShow MoreRelatedRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy1234 Words   |  5 Pages In Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes does and experiment with wax to try to prove that things actually exist in this world. This essay is going to prove how we can tell that things actually exist and what can perceive the wax. Rene Descartes starts off with a description of the wax so he can prove to us the changes that will happen throughout his experiment. â€Å"Let us take, for instance, this piece of wax. It has been taken quite recently from theRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesPrà ©ciso of Meditations on First Philosophy Through his series of books, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes enlightens his philosophical ideas about knowledge in which we should discard all belief we aren’t absolute certain about and establishes what we know for sure. In the introduction he clarifying the main ideas of each of the 6 books and using to them build up to his belief. Starting with the First Meditations, he discusses about doubt. He believed that there are no real foundationsRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes1062 Words   |  5 PagesIn Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes philosophies made a substantial advancement in enabling us to understand the world around us by querying many of the Aristotelian doctrines that are still being discussed in philosophy today. He attempts to answer the question; can you fully trust your senses? Descartes uses methodological doubt, which is a process of being skeptical about truths of someone’s belief to revoke from his senses. In Meditation One: Concerning Those Things That Can BeRead MoreRene Descartes Meditations On First Philosophy1758 Words   |  8 PagesPerhaps the most startling conclusion reached by Renà © Descartes in Meditations on First Philosophy is his proposed disconnection between the Mind and Body. Striving to separate the spiritual from the corpore al to enable scientific examination of the earthly without interference from the divine, Descartes conceives that the two basic human substances, Mind and Body, are distinct and therefore able to exist separate of one another in his [in]famous claim of substance dualism. His conclusions rest uponRead MoreEssay on Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes1561 Words   |  7 Pages In his work, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes writes to rid pre-conceptions, and disprove all belief in thoughts that are not certain, accepting only what can be known for sure. In his Meditation VI: Of the Existence of Material Things, and the Real Distinction between the Mind and Body of Man, he discusses his belief that the mind and body are two separate substances, claiming that the nonmaterial mind and the material body, while being ontologically distinct substances, causallyRead MoreRene Descartes s Meditation On First Philosophy802 Words   |  4 PagesRenà © Descartes objective in Meditation on First Philosophy is to construct philosophy as a solid methodical study and discipline alike the sciences. To do so he must first suspend belief in all things doubtful and from their go about verifying the true concepts of the world. In meditation II he verifies that he is a thinking thing and finds that the certainty of the cogito â€Å"I think therefore I am† lies in the distinct perception of what he affirms. From this he generates a general rule of evidenceRead More Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Essay1946 Words   |  8 PagesRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes’ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartes’ reasoning and proofs of God’s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove God’s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthfulRead MoreEssay on Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy2121 Words   |  9 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind. This is a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this founda tion through the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefs, including â€Å"mattersRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Essay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes wasRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy1066 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is reality? Among these writers were Renà ¨ Descartes and George Berkeley, who respectively argued that everything perceived must be real due to God being unable to deceive, and that the physical world only exists in one’s mind. In my view, it is not certain that the physical world is real, but one should act as if it is. Renà ¨ Descartes, in Meditations on First Philosophy, wrote each section after successive â€Å"meditations.† In Descartes’s first meditation, he claims it is unable to be proven whether

The Age of Imperialism - 635 Words

During the period of 1850 until about 1910 there was an age of Imperialism. Imperialism is the policy of extending a nation’s political and economic dominance or control over another territory or country. Imperialism was important to the political power of many nations for the Eastern and Western. It added wealth, status and increased their military strength. With the strength of their military they are able to maintain their authority all over the world by using their colonies as supply bases and fortifications. Many people in the Western countries believed that their civilization was superior to that of the non-Western peoples. Westerners wanted to bring benefits of their culture to others. They also wanted to teach non-Christians about Christianity. For many Europeans and North Americans, such goals helped to defend imperialism. I am studying imperialism of Great Britain how they took control over China and the United States; how they took control over the Caribbean Islands and Philippines. Prior to their controls, I am studying how their motivations are the similar and differ from one another from their commerce and their government policy. In the early 1800’s, Great Britain had more colonies than any other Western nation. It controlled Canada, part of India, Australia, New Zealand, British Honduras; known to us today as Belize, in Central America, British Guiana; now known as Guyana in South Africa, and other islands in the Caribbean. Much of the eastern half ofShow MoreRelatedImperialism : The Age Of Imperialism1010 Words   |  5 PagesIndira Yuldasheva C band Expansionism Essay The late 19th century and early 20th century is known as the â€Å"Age of Imperialism†, a period in which major world powers, including the United States, adopted a policy of expansionism. Expansionism is defined as the policy of territorial or economic expansion, which is often achieved through diplomacy or military force. During this time period, the United States notably acquired territory in the Pacific and Latin America. The nation’s growing colonialRead MoreImperialism : The Age Of New Imperialism1048 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism is defined as a strong economic and political empire takes over a weaker economic and political empire. Stronger empires conquered weaker empires to industrialize the land and to weaken other threating empires. To build a strong empire, a nation must use their military power to conquer a weaker nation, take the supplies and goods to support the mother nation, and use the supplies and goods to benefit your own empire by conquer ing even more empires. Imperialism did not begin in the twentiethRead MoreAge of Imperialism2874 Words   |  12 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: †¢ Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. (Michele Stafford) †¢ Discuss why each area was important to American empire building (political, economic, and social). - KRISTY †¢ Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some of the factors that justified American imperialist actionsRead MoreThe Age of Imperialism Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism was a time period in which more developed nations colonized less developed nations. The developed nations took advantage of the less developed nations resources, people, lands, and much more. Many countries lost their freedom and independence due to imperialism, however, they also received new technologies and innovations. Since there were many nations involved, there were many attributes that led up to imperialism. Firstly, the Europeans wanted economic expansion. Since the industrialRead MoreThe Age Of New Imperialism1944 Words   |  8 PagesThe ‘Age of New Imperialism’ in Britain was a time of prosperity and total domination. Compared to previous years of imperialism, this period was focused primarily on benefitting the colonial power, Britain, instead of establishing new settlements. Even though the British imperialism of the late 19th century/early 20th century brought great wealth, knowledge, and technological advancements to the country, it was at the expense of many ‘other’ people in the empire. Britain, and Europe as a wholeRead MoreThe Age Of Industrialization And Imperialism1220 Words   |  5 Pagesand militarization and the development of new technology and warfare at the beginning of the four year long war. At the mark of the new year, Europe found itself supreme and leading in most all categories relevant to the West. The age of industrialization and imperialism had just commenced and Europeans found themselves center stage in science, culture, economics, and fashion. Following the Napoleonic wars and the Congress of Vienna, European affairs had been relatively peaceful, other than smallRead MoreAmerica s Age Of Imperialism846 Words   |  4 PagesWithin history, Imperialism has been the driving force behind the massive stretches of kingdoms across the world. The word Imperialism is derived from the Latin word Imperium; meaning: to rule over large territories. Imperialism itself means â€Å"a policy of extending a country s power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.† In the 19th century Imperialism was used to great effect by Europeans in their African colonies; Cecil Rhodes who founded the De Beers MiningRead MoreThe United States : An Ag e Of Imperialism1875 Words   |  8 PagesBy late the nineteenth century the world was in an Age of Imperialism. The foremost European powers were all competing and swiftly increasing their territorial claims. Americans have always felt the desire to grow and expand the United States, they ultimately proved that with Manifest Destiny, when they settled from the east to the west coast. The idea of expansion overseas was something not new to the United States. The war against Mexico had allowed the United States to be carried into the PacificRead MoreThe Gilded Age And Imperialism Expansion1827 Words   |  8 Pagescan be paradoxical The Gilded Age or Imperialism expansion examine the conflicting values that America held for each. The gilded age was a period in history that caused a vast transformation due to the increase of American industrialization. Values and attitudes toward The Gilded Age varied. The poor workers often saw the changed caused by the Gilded Age as corrupt, where the rich business men looked at it as a positive change. The poor laborers in the gilded age often viewed the change that occurredRead MoreThe Age Of America s New Imperialism1668 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in the 1890s The 1890’s was the age of America’s new imperialism. The idea of imperialism resulted from the belief of Manifest Destiny, the idea of expanding America’s frontier from coast to coast was destined by God. The continuation of filling up western land created a closed frontier, pushing America to expand to other places outside of the mainland. The principle of expanding to other areas was to help America become a world power. The closing of the frontier was introduced by

Henry Ford’s Evolution of Automobiles Free Essays

string(27) " he met Clara Jane Bryant\." â€Å"It is doubtful if any mechanical invention in the history of the world has influenced in the same length of time the lives of so many people in an important way as the motor car. † So writes an American historian, thinking of the automobile alone. But it does not stand-alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry Ford’s Evolution of Automobiles or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was the automobile factory that introduced mass production, a process that has changed the lineaments of our economic and social life more profoundly than any other single element in the recent history of civilization. Nearly everyone has heard of this process, yet few have any detailed or exact knowledge of its inception and development. Enter Henry Ford. The true answers of what inspired this Michigan farmer to develop a production process that was so simple, effective and efficient it changed the entire course of history. In this report, we will present a brief history of the era in which Henry Ford lived, the background from which he came, and important management trends he followed. It is hard to summarize the era in which Henry Ford lived. Chiefly because he changed the entire tone of the era in which he lived, making his career a transitional period. We will begin with the world before Ford. In the mid-latter part of the eighteen hundreds (c. 860-c. 1895), the United States was still tending its wounds from the aftermath of the civil war. It was a time of rebuilding, reorganizing and a time to accept change. The country†s figureheads were also changing. When the most respected of men were generals, soldiers, presidents, and war painted warriors, combat bravery was a greatly revered trait. However when the dust and smoke of war cleared, the public†s attention naturally shifted back to home life. The transition occurred when the position of bravery in the public eye changed from a warrior†s bravery, to an entrepreneur†s type of bravery. An undeniable part of home life and living is what tools are used to make a home or farm function. This is where the gaze shifted toward men like Edison for inventing the light bulb and standardizing the use of electricity. Well over one hundred years later, what home is complete without electricity? And (back to our focus) what home is complete without an automobile? Naturally many inventors influenced this time in history. Take for example three boys who grew up on several of the farms in Worcester County, Massachusetts. At thirteen, Tom Blanchard invents an apple-parer; at eighteen he works in a tack factory, and is soon inventing a tack-counting machine, then a tack-making machine. Before long he is one of the masters of the Springfield Arsenal. Elias Howe liked to tinker with the grain mill on his father†s farm, an occupation fitting his rural life. At sixteen he became an apprentice in a Lowell factory for making textile machinery – his sewing machine lay just ahead. Eli Whitney combines farm chores and forge work; restlessly ambitious, he saves money to attend Yale – with what result we all know. The farm is a sound teacher of ingenuity and elementary mechanical skills. Before long however its lessons are ended, and the youth whose imagination is fired by railroads, steamboats, cotton mills, machine shops, and gun factories looks to a larger sphere. † 2 Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863 in the Detroit, Michigan area. He was the oldest of six children born to William and Mary Litogot O†Hern Ford, and the grandson of Irish immigrants who had arrived in America in 1847. The entire family worked on the family farm and Ford was raised with intentions of taking over the family farm when he grew up. He had an intelligent, inquisitive nature and was energized by the huge growth of industry occurring in the Detroit area. † 3He was also an avid experimenter. At age nine, in one of his first experiments, he theorized the power of steam. To prove the nature of this phenomenon, he plugged the spout of one of his mother†s delicate teapots, and set it to a boil. And to the great joy of the young, giggly theorist (and dismay of his mother), the explosion sent pieces of glass and boiling water crashing around the kitchen! Miraculously the young observer was left untouched! This result is eerily reminiscent of the effect Ford would have on the industrial revolution in times to come. As he grew up his father allowed him to â€Å"tinker† with many of the tools on the farm. Ford†s mother called him a â€Å"born mechanic† and provided him with darning needles and corset stays to make into tools for his watch repair work. Probably the most dramatic event in Henry Ford†s life happened in 1876 at age thirteen. While riding with his father in a wagon, they saw a steam engine travelling along the road under its own power. Ford jumped off the wagon and excitedly began to question the driver about this remarkable engine. Used for stationary purposes such as sawing wood, the engine had been mounted on wheels to propel itself. The engineer explained all about the machine and even let Ford fire the engine and run it. â€Å"Ford later said, ‘That showed me that I was by instinct an engineer. â€Å"†4 The seed was planted that there could be a self-propelled vehicle and that thought would haunt his imagination for years. Although he yearned to go to Detroit and work in the machine shops, Ford stayed on the farm helping his family until he was seventeen. Then, with his father†s blessing, he moved to Detroit and started working at the Michigan Car Company for $1. 0 a day. He was fired shortly thereafter after angering the older employees by making repairs in a ? hour instead of the usual five hours. By 1882 Ford had left Detroit and used the family farm as his address as he traveled around from job to job. In 1885, at a party, he met Clara Jane Bryant. You read "Henry Ford’s Evolution of Automobiles" in category "Essay examples" They married April 11, 1888 and their only child, Edsel, named after his boyhood friend Edsel Ruddiman, was born November 6, 1893. Ford had never given up his dream of a â€Å"horseless carriage. † Whenever he had a spare moment he read about gas engines and experimented in his own workshop. By 1891 he and Clara had moved back to Detroit and Ford began working for Detroit Edison Illuminating Company. Ford†s Quadricycle (his first automobile) was ready for a try-out in 1896. It frightened the horses and caused many a protest, but it ran. It was through working at the Detroit Edison Illuminating Company that Ford met Thomas Edison. â€Å"At a convention Ford was introduced to Edison as ‘The young fellow who†s made a gas car. â€Å"†5 After discussing his ideas with the great inventor, Ford was glad to hear that Edison thought his ideas had merit. Edison told him, ‘Young man, you have it, a self-contained unit carrying its own fuel. Keep at it! â€Å"†6 The meeting with Thomas Edison gave Henry Ford fresh inspiration and his spirit was renewed by the famous inventor†s words of encouragement. By 1899 Ford had produced an operable car that was written up in the Detroit Journals. Ford was described as a â€Å"mechanical engineer. † Eventually his work developing automobiles conflicted with his position at the Detroit Edison Illuminating Company. Even though the company was well pleased with his work and offered him the General Superintendent position, they asked him to make a choice. Could he give up his â€Å"hobby† of automobile building and devote himself to the company? Ford made the decision. He wanted to make automobiles. After some false starts, on June 16, 1903, with ten investors plus Ford†s patents, knowledge and engine, Henry Ford incorporated the Ford Motor Company. After years of hard, pioneering work, Ford Motor Company produced its ninth and most successful-thus-far automobile, the world famous Model T. It was first marketed in October 1908 and the company dominated sales for the next eighteen years. Because of his development of the assembly line used to mass-produce automobiles, Ford sold more than one half of the cars in the industry in 1918-1919 and 1921-1925. The Model T, or Tin Lizzie, was a hard working, sturdy, commonplace car. Ford†s dream had come true. â€Å"I will build a motor car for the great multitude†¦ constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise†¦ so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God†s great open spaces. Henry Ford and Thomas Edison had become the best of friends. They admired and respected each other. In 1916 Henry Ford purchased Mangoes, the home next door to his friend Edison†s Seminole Lodge, so that he and Clara could vacation there while the Edisons were down. The two families enjoyed their time away from it all in the tropical serenity of Fort Myers, Florida. Camping expeditions into the Everglades, with Harvey Firestone and his family, plus naturalist John Burroughs, became a special treat. Henry Ford died April 7, 1947. Editorial tributes were favorable to Henry Ford. He was praised as a patriot, philanthropist, philosopher, reformer, economist, and teacher and depicted as a symbol of individualism and productive genius. â€Å"8 During his career, particularly in the early 1900†³s, Ford methods of management were seen as being very innovative. â€Å"He was a student of the modern management methods that were emerging at the time. For example, he was familiar with the work of Frederick Taylor, the driving force behind the new principles of scientific management and the use of time and motion studies to increase job efficiency. † 9Frederick Taylor truly used a scientific approach to management. He took each element of management and production and examined it under great scrutiny. He also observed how each portion of the entire production process worked together as a team. His purpose was to refine each element and bring them together under the least amount of functional friction. â€Å"For example, Taylor took aside the worker element and discovered that most of them were soldiering. Soldiering is deliberately working at less than full capacity. â€Å"10 Upon resolving this problem, the worker element now has less functional friction will perform better for the team. More relevant to Ford†s case was Taylor†s time-and-motion study. This study sharply examined how a worker performed a task. It followed each motion that the worker went through to accomplish a task and then tried to simplify each task by removing steps and/or refining them so that the job could be done faster and with less effort. This proved to be the most revealing of Frederick†s studies as it allowed work to be done at a much faster rate and in some cases quadrupled production! Ford strongly believed in Taylor†s scientific approach and custom fit his production team to perform at the greatest capacity. Having taken influence from Taylor†s time-and-motion study, Ford devised his true masterpiece, the assembly line. This, being the most vital part of production for any mass-produced product, could more than quadruple output with far less labor, and much less skill required for each job. Ford immediately recognized the potential for output of his new company, and upon the earnings its first profits, the company began to expand. This expansion of the Ford Motor Company, accredited to Ford†s innovative management approach, would set a trend that swept the world for many years to come. Being the first company to adopt the method of mass production gave Ford Motor Company such a powerful head start that it dominated the automobile industry for the next twenty years. As far as Henry Ford†s role in his company he was both a figurehead and a liaison. Following his massive success in the auto-industry, Henry Ford began to take part in politics. He also began to donate money to charitable organizations and became a familiar face at important dedication ceremonies around the country. His 1918 run for senate and his dedication ceremonies, i. . (1929 Edison Institute of Technology) identify him as a figurehead for the Ford Motor Company. However, Ford always kept an eye and an ear on other rising companies and other changing trends in industry. This greatly aided him in staying on top of the automobile industry for so long. This would make Ford also a liaison in his company. Ford however did not deal with his workforce directly. â€Å"He hired Harry Bennett as head of the infamous Ford Service Department to maintain control over his rapidly expanding following of workers. 11 Ford†s indirect management of his workers would therefore disqualify him from the leader role in his company, making him a figurehead/liaison type manager. Henry Ford†s life falls into a very small category of lives known as revolutionaries. He was not simply and inevitable product of his time. He was original and revolutionary. He defied precedent and never once allowed the impossibilities of the past to limit the possibilities of the future. And above all he was a true patriot to the growth of the human race. How to cite Henry Ford’s Evolution of Automobiles, Essay examples

Xcom 285 Appendix C free essay sample

Axia College Material Appendix C Cross-Cultural Communication Matrix Use the matrix to complete the country information. Write 3-4 sentences for each item. †¢ Access the Business Around the World information by accessing http://www. mhhe. com/business/buscom/bcommonline/ †¢ Select three regions of the world to research by clicking the map on the lower-left corner of the page. Select one country from each region you chose to research. Enter your final country selections into the matrix. The Web site provides you with a strong starting point. You may also want to perform a general Internet search to find additional information. †¢ Include APA-formatted references on a separate page. Cross-Cultural Communication | |Country |Preferred Communication Style |Nonverbal Communication Practices |Business Communication Norms |Strategies to Increase Cross-Cultural | | | | | |Communication | |Brazil |Preferred communication would be |Personal space and customary to give a gift|Stay formal and use a slower pace in |Using a translator will insure | | |face-to-face relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Xcom 285 Appendix C or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Body |is a good nonverbal practice. |negotiation compared to the US. Time |communications. Expect a delay because of | | |language is important. Speak slowly | |zone is a difficulty. Business can |the different time zones and be ready to | | |without slang. | |discussed during dinner. |compensate for them. Research what their | | | | | |holidays and what customs they follow. |Russia |Preferred communication would be |They save the smiles for real friends and |Very little business relationships | | | |face-to-face relationship. Body |family. They come across as argumentative |they keep it all business. Can take | | | |language is important. Speak slowly |and standoffish. |weeks to receive reply to an e-mail or| | | |with out slang. | |a phone call. | |Greece |Preferred communication would be |Handshakes are for men and women. Gifts are|Their business trends are similar to | | | |face-to-face relationship. Body |not necessary. |US. Attending the meetings punctually,| | | |language is important. Speak slowly | |is recommended. | | | |without slang. | | | |

A Group of Baboons Is Not a Congress

A Group of Baboons Is Not a Congress A popular meme contains a picture with several baboons playing in the snow captioned: Did you know that a large group of baboons is called a Congress? As the meme goes on to explain: We are all familiar with a herd of cows, a flock of chickens, a school of fish and a gaggle of geese. However, less widely known is a pride of lions, a murder of crows (as well as their cousins the rooks and ravens), an exaltation of doves and, presumably because they look so wise, a parliament of owls. Now consider a group of baboons. They are the loudest, most dangerous, most obnoxious, most viciously aggressive and least intelligent of all primates. And what is the proper collective noun for a group of baboons? Believe it or not ... a Congress! I guess that pretty much explains the things that come out of Washington! The meme does explain one thing: The person who posted or sent it does not know what a large group of baboons is called. It’s a ‘Troop’ National Geographic says, baboons form large troops, composed of dozens or even hundreds of baboons, governed by a complex hierarchy that fascinates scientists. According to the Oxford Dictionaries list of proper terms for groups of things, organized gatherings of kangaroos, monkeys, and baboons are all called â€Å"troops,† while the only group called a â€Å"congress† is Congress.   An Expert Weighs In In an email to PolitiFact, Shirley Strum, director of the University of Californias Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project in Nairobi, Kenya, agreed that a group of baboons is known as a â€Å"troop.† â€Å"I have never heard the term congress used for a group of baboons! she wrote, adding, I would prefer to be governed by baboons than the current Congress! They are more socially committed, abide by the golden rule and are generally nicer people. Baboons are socially sophisticated and incredibly smart and among primates, no species is as dangerous as humans. Only baboons who have been spoiled by humans feeding them are dangerous and are never as aggressive as humans. The Point The point the meme is trying to make is that the U.S. Congress has pretty much degenerated into a largely ineffectual collection of lifetime professional politicians, typically  trusted by only 10% of the American people, that spends more time arguing, running for re-election and on vacation than it does tending to its real job of carrying out the legislative process in a way that helps Americans happily pursue life and liberty.   In 1970, for example, the troop called Congress passed its very own Legislative Reorganization Act, which among other things â€Å"required† both the House of Representatives and the Senate to take the entire month of August off every year unless a â€Å"state of war† or â€Å"emergency† exists at the time. The last time Congress decided to take a break from its break was in the summer of 2005 when lawmakers returned to Washington just long enough to pass legislation authorizing aid for victims of Hurricane Katrina. But the fact remains that a gathering of baboons is not a congress.

Definite Articles in Spanish

Definite Articles in Spanish A definite article, called an artà ­culo  definido  in Spanish, makes a noun refer to a particular item or items of its class. In English, the definite article  is the. In Spanish, there are five ways to say the. The four most common Spanish definite articles are  el, la, los and las in Spanish. A fifth, less frequently used definite article,  lo,  is sometimes appropriate. Definite articles are also sometimes referred to as definite determiners.  Spanish and English have different rules as to when a definite article is needed or can be omitted. In general, Spanish often uses a definite article in cases where English does not. For example, the English sentence, Mr. Brown is rich, does not have the definite article the. The same sentence translated into Spanish would be, El  seà ±or Brown es ​rico.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹In Spanish, the definite article, el, is used. Agreement in Number and Gender In Spanish, number and gender make a difference. Is the word plural or singular? Are you referring to a male or female or masculine or feminine word? The Spanish definite article must agree with the gender and number of the noun that follows it.   Masculine Form of The The masculine form of the is el if referring to one item, the singular form of the word. For example, the cat is el gato. The masculine and plural form of the, if referring to more than one item, would be los libros, meaning, the books. Feminine Form of The To say the when referring to a singular item that is considered a feminine word, for example, the word door in Spanish is considered a feminine word, puerta. A  speaker would say, la puerta, for the door. To pluralize the word, when referring to more than one door, the proper form of the definite article is, las  puertas. Use of Lo to Mean The Lo  can be used as a neuter, meaning not gender specific, definite article before an adjective to make an abstract noun.  For example,  lo  importante, translates to mean, the important thing, or that which is important. Contraction Using El English has many uses of contractions, such as isnt for is not   or theyre for they are, blending two words together to impart meaning. In Spanish there are only two official contractions in the entire language and they both involve the definite article, el.   The words a el form the contraction al.   For an example, Ella va al auto, means, She is going to the car. A Spanish speaker would literally say, Ella va  a el auto. The contraction al works more smoothly in this case. The words de el form the contraction  del. An example,  El libro es del profesor,  which literally translates to mean, the book is of the teacher, or more smoothly translated, the book is the teachers. The contracted form of  al  usually means to the and  del  usually means of the.

IS CPHL214 A PHILOSOPHY COURSE OR WHAT Assignment

IS CPHL214 A PHILOSOPHY COURSE OR WHAT - Assignment Example In the second paragraph, unsubstantiated attributions are made to the professor. While the professor might have said â€Å"critical thinking skills are good things to have†, he did not seemed to have said that â€Å"its good to be picky, argumentative, always finding something wrong with whatever students write, and cynical†. The latter is merely an interpretation on part of the writer as to what the professor meant by his comment. This interpretation comes across as exaggerated and negatively biased against the professor. Moreover, while there is a link between critical thinking courses and the broader philosophy courses, whether or not the courses are â€Å"good† is an irrelevant deviation from the argument. The last two lines of the second paragraph are also display an error in syllogism. It doesn’t stand to reason that all critical thinking courses are philosophy courses, just because this claim cannot be proven false. In the third paragraph, the perusal of hear-say evidence of Bertha weakens the argument. Moreover, Bertha’s friends don’t represent the entire student population, in order that sweeping conclusions could be made based on the evidence provided by her. That Bertha’s friends’ course did and CPHL214 did not talk about the â€Å"meaning of life† doesn’t make the two courses incompatible – they could just be two variations of a common theme. In the fourth paragraph the assertion that â€Å"meaning of life is interesting† appears arbitrary, unsubstantiated as it is with any rationale. Likewise, â€Å"there’s no way CPHL214 is interesting† is also a subjective judgment and not an indisputable fact. Defining philosophy as the â€Å"study of human life† is too simplistic and vague for the purposes of classifying CPHL214. Coming to the fifth paragraph the fact that the professor works for money and that he has a stake in the functioning of the

Biosocial Development Child Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biosocial Development Child Psychology - Essay Example (Kathleen). In the natural process of developing self-esteem, the child's primary motivation is intrinsic which derives from within the self. Therefore, children take pleasure in learning, playing, performing tasks etc when they set the goal for themselves rather than somebody else sets expected behavior for. Children enjoy a game for the sake of its fun and not for the rewards or scores they achieve for completing it. Thus, it is unwise on the part of adults to praise the child or offer some expected awards while the activity or the performance is on the process. The desirable behavior for the adults is to praise the child on the performance or complement it with some unexpected awards which will boost up their emotional feeling and self-esteem. There have been research evidences to prove that the extrinsic rewards and praises emasculate the child's intrinsic motivation. (Kathleen). The natural emotional regulation of the child is decisive in the development of its future emotional control.

Bog Plants and Their Use in Medicine :: Research Biology Medicine Essays

Bog Plants and Their Use in Medicine Although most of the modern world does not often resort to bog plants for medicinal uses when there are more widely accessible forms of medicine to treat certain health needs, there exists numerous medicinal uses for bog plants. The various medicinal uses of different bog plants have developed and changed over the course of history. Bog plants were more commonly used by Native Indians as medicine such as the Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea) for sore throats and colds. The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen), also processed into tea, treat aches and pains in native North American medicine. In the olden days, not long after the Native Indian civilizations, Wintergreen leaves were used in perfumery with woody notes. Other bog plants that are used as tea leaves include the Scutellaria lateriflora, which is tea for anxiety, nervous exhaustion and pre-menstrual tension, and the Valeriana officinalis, which promotes soothing sleep. During the Middle Ages, Potentilla palustris (Marsh Cinquefoil) were regarded as having healing properties for almost any ailment and were widely collected. The genus of the cinquefoil’s Potentilla from Latin meant â€Å"powerful† was derived from its reputation as powerful cure-alls. In particular, the Potentilla erecta (Tormentil) was used as an antibiotic and an astringent (causing tissues to contract). Another bog plant, the Cladonia species was classified as an effective medicinal herb in the Middle Ages, but is only used today as fabric dyes. Some bog plants such as the Osmunda regalis (Royal Fern) were used during the colonial times for treating coughs, but this practice is now obsolete. As one of the most widely known plants from bogs, the Vaccinium species or the Bog Cranberry is the most edible and digestible plant from the bog. It produces cranberries which are most effective in treating diseases or infections in the urinary systems for both genders. Si nce cranberries have a low spoilage factor and a high Vitamin C content, they were extensively by all generations in American heritage as a food source for long journeys in preventing scurvy. Throughout the course of history, there have been some extraordinary medicinal uses of bog plants by various ages and by various civilizations. The Lycopus europaeus (Gypsywort) was used both as a sedative drug and as a dye plant (black). It was once used by Gypsies to colour their skin, and hence the common name, Gypsywort.

Dust Mite Resurch Paper

Dust Mite I am the common North American Dust Mite. I live almost in every house in the world. Most people do not even know that I am living all over there home because I cannot be seen with the naked eye. I love to live in houses that have lots of dust because I thrive in these kinds of conditions. I mostly eat dead skin flakes that fall from humans liven in the house. I am generally two hundred and fifty to three hundred microns in length. That is really small that no one can see me without using a strong microscope. I have eight hairy legs that I use to travel in the house to find dead skin flakes to eat. When I eat dead skin flakes I generally leave waste droppings which have a protein that many people are allergic to. When people go to doctors whey they are sick and the doctor tells them that they are allergic to dust. The doctors just don’t want to tell the patients that they are allergic to my droppings. I mostly spend my time inside a mattress because that is where most of the dead skin flakes are. They are mostly there because people spend a lot of time lying on the mattress sleeping where they just fall off. The scientists have decided to give me my own scientific name. My own scientific name is Dermatophagoides farinae. When I start my day the first thing I do is go around the house to try to find dead skin flakes lying around the carpet or inside the mattress. Most people don’t know that they are sleeping on top of millions of little tiny dust mites. When the female lays eggs, the little baby dust mites are first a larva. Once they have grown up more then they look like regular mites with there strong shells. After that I have found the skin flakes I start to eat them. Hundreds of my friends come with me to find and eat skin because we are all hungry to eat. We dust mites never leave alone we always go to find the dust and skin flakes in big groups because it is always to go in groups because we feel safer when we are in groups. Most people don’t know that a used mattress contains an estimated one hundred thousand to ten million dust mites inside. One thing that most people find that is real nasty is that ten percent of the weight of a two year old pillow is accumulated by dead dust mites and their droppings. We dust mites are every where we can find dust which are full of dead skin flakes. Many people are disgusted after they learn how many dust mites are inside your bed or in your house in general. We dust mites have a really busy life. We dust mites look pretty gruesome. A dust mite has eight hairy legs, no antennae, a mouth part group in front of the body and a rough translucent shell. If you put all those characteristics together you got a fearsome appearance. We might be microscopic but we have many characteristics. If we were bigger many people would be terrified of how gruesome we look. People are not scared of us dust mites because we cannot be seen by them. [pic] North American House Dust Mite †¢ Scientific name – Dermatophagoides farinae †¢ Between 250 to 300 microns in length †¢ In a used mattress between 100,000 to 10,000,000 mites Works cited †¢ http://www. ehso. com/ehshome/dustmites. php †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/House_dust_mite

The Holocaust How it Came to Be - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2575 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? The Holocaust is a part of human history that baffles many, and understandably so due to its magnitude. One may find it difficult to conceptualize the sheer number of innocent people killed at the hands of such hatred. Many people wonder how the Holocaust came to creation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Holocaust: How it Came to Be" essay for you Create order Though the Holocaust is a result of an innumerable number of influences, the political and economic situation of Germany following World War I as well as Hitlers subsequent and rapid rise to power largely influenced the conception of this genocide. Devastated with the results of the war and being forced to pay extensive reparations, Germany was in desperate need of a confident leader. Hitler capitalized upon Germanys disparity in order to quickly rise to power and normalize his contempt for Jews. Anti-Semitic legislation created a scapegoat for the hardships of the country, further intensifying the hatred of Jews. The Holocaust, one of the largest genocides in human history, stemmed not only from the detrimental effects of World War One on Germanys economy but was also cultivated through the organized campaign of Hitler that deemed Jews as subhuman. The dehumanization of Jews at the hands of Hitler allowed German citizens to become bystanders to the extermination of an entire populat ion. Hitlers rise to power and ability to spread Anti-Semitism results solely from the political and economic climate which he entered himself into following the first World War. Pre-war Germany and post-war Germany held stark differences in terms of economic prosperity. Before the war, Germany was among the highest economically advanced country in Europe. During the war, Germany was unable to import or export goods. As trade restrictions began to intensify, the small number of resources available in the country were allocated towards the war effort. As the war progressed, war bonds were sold to the public to avoid raising taxes. War bonds were purchased by citizens in order to support the war effort with a promise of the bond amount being paid back. By the end of the war, the government was barren of resources and the German population had driven themselves into debt. The Treaty of Versailles, implemented after the war, drove Germany even deeper into economic disparity. The treaty requir ed Germany to pay extensive war reparations and in turn, put an economic strain on a country already trying to recover from the effects of war. In 1921, this amount was set at 6.6 billion; a sum that Germany could not pay. By December 1922, because the German government could not pay, French and Belgian troops invaded and occupied the Ruhr to take goods and raw materials in lieu of money, (Economic Issues in the 1920s). The presence of French and Belgian troops in Germany launched the economy of the country into a downward spiral. Humiliated by the results of the war, the German government refused to adhere to the French and Belgian troops influence. This refusal would prove to have further detrimental effects on the countrys post-war economy. Thousands of French and Belgian troops seized control of factories, railways, and coal mines by January of 1922. German workers were urged not to comply with the soldiers and many went on strike. (Economic Issues in the 1920s) The strike of German workers, however, only lead to inflation as Germany began to print more money to support the unemployed and pay debts. As more money was being printed, and fewer goods remained in the country prices rose. The government printed more money in an effort to compensate for the price of goods. Soon German currency was of little worth. (Kenney Chace 2011) One might question those who complied to the wishes of the German government by going on strike. However, the country desperately sought to rebuild the nationalism that bonded them together during the war. Clearly, the citizens and government of Germany were in need of a strong leader to help restore economic peace and build the morale of the country. Hitler gladly stepped up to fulfill this role as leader. Hitlers name alone carries a heavy connotation. His name brings to mind hatred, Nazism, and Anti-Semitism. The unique economic situation in Germany permitted Hitler to rise to power. In any other circumstance, a man with such rigid prejudices would not rise to power in the manner that Hitler did. Political strife dominated the country, giving rise to new forms of government. As David F. Crew explains, Fascist political parties and ideologies burst on to the political scenes of many European countries after the end of the war in 1918. Europeans turned to these conservative, rigid parties in response to the massive social disorder caused by this war that killed millions of soldiers in the trenches, threatened millions of civilians with starvation, and destroyed several European governments (12). Hitler understood the concerns of the German citizens following the war and used propaganda as well as his ability to speak to crowds in order to gain a large following. Hitler used his own skills of oratory to appeal to the patriotism of the German people by promising to break free of the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles. His aim of ending the payment of reparations was especially popular, (How Did the Nazis Gain Support). Hitler inserted himself into a broken country, who was struggling to recover and pay back war reparations; as well as wanting to find a strong leading government, in order to annihilate the Jewish population. His first steps towards annihilating the Jewish population was to enforce Nuremberg laws which deemed Jews as second-class citizens in their own country. Anti-Semitism was not a new concept in Germany. Unfortunately, Hitler cannot be held solely responsible for the Anti-Semitism that starkly increased following World War I. His campaign simply shed light on the pre-existing beliefs of a large majority of the country. As Nick Shepley states, Hitler was the self-appointed spokesman for a generation of Germans, both military and civilian, who wanted to know why the war had been lost and inventing the fantasy of a Jewish conspiracy was convenient, (page 11). The Nuremberg and Anti-Semitic laws enforced by Hitler only further legalized the contempt Germans held against Jews living amongst them. In a sense, the Nuremberg Laws were the beginning of the end of Jewish acceptance in Germany. By stripping Jews of their humanity through these laws, the rationalization of their genocide became increasingly accepted. Richard Heideman supports this notion by stating, The establishment of the Nuremberg Laws was a defining moment in history [. . .] These laws emboldened an entire nation to turn against their fellow citizens, neighbors, colleagues, and friends, many of whom had fought alongside them in the First World War, and subjected the Jewish people to social, economic, and political isolation, ultimately culminating in the attempted mass extermination and genocide of an entire people and other minorities, (par 1). One would find it hard to imagine what it would be like to be a Jewish citizen at the time that Hitler rose to power. The Nuremberg laws certainly made the Jewish existence bleak far before anyone was hauled out of the country. There was no escape from the constant persecution, due to the fact that the persecution was government sanctioned. There was no area safe from the hatred, which steadily increased within the country. Jewish businesses were often destroyed, as well as Jews were often fired during this time. Jewish citizens were completely barred from any occupation allowing self-representation such as media, journalism, public office, etc. (Heideman, par 6) As time went on the Jewish experience in Germany grew increasingly worse. German government undoubtedly made Jewish existence abysmal, but their experience grew increasingly worse as Jews witnessed former neighbors, business partners, friends, etc. turn on them in support of the Nuremberg Laws set in place against Jews. Though the Nuremberg laws were created by Hitler and the German government, the citizens of Germany played an equal if not a larger role in enforcing these laws. When thinking about the dynamic in Germany at the time, one can think of the German government like a match and the German population like gasoline. The government brings the anti-Semitism already present in the country to light. The gasoline or the German population is simply looking for a fuel source to ignite the feelings of Anti-Semitism already at play. When Hitler rose to power and began enforcing the Nuremberg Laws he served as a match to light the gasoline represented by the German population. The gasoline, readily flammable, ignites intensely and erratically. In this case, the persecution and eventual genocide of the Jews is the result of the reaction. The effects of the fire combining with the gasoline are much more catastrophic than the effect of a single match alone. Similar to how the combination of German suppo rt and Hitlers plans lead to much more catastrophic reality for Jews. Richard Heideman cites a perfect example of the influence of the government on the German population. Signs stating Jews Not Welcome were placed in storefront windows. Soon enough, signs and banners stating the same message were plastered in several locations in Germany. However, these signs and banners were not placed by the government, but rather the Jewish citizens. These actions speak loudly to the influence of the German government on its citizens (par 7). Under Hitlers strong leadership and his organized campaign to dehumanize Jews, Germany was a ticking time bomb in regards to the genocide that was soon to follow. One may identify the importance of defining genocide and understanding how it comes to fruition when studying the origins of the Holocaust. Genocides are unique in comparison to the wars that plague our history books because, in contrast to wars, where two forces are fighting with intentions to defeat the other, genocide involves one group that attacks with no reciprocation from the targeted group. Genocide by definition is, a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, as that group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator, (Chalk and Jonassohn 23). Hitler, from the beginning of his rise to power, defined the Jews as the perpetrator and defined their existence within Germany for decades to come. The mass murder of an entire population does not happen overnight, or at the hands of one person. The criminalization of a certain group of people must be supported by not only the government but the majority of a countrys populous. Certain conditions have to be proven true in order for a genocide to occur. The perception of the victims of a genocide is crucial. As Frank Chalk and Curt Jonassohn explain, The victims must not only not be equals, but also clearly defined as something less than fully human [. . .] Thus, in order to perform a genocide, the perpetrator has always had to first organize a campaign that redefined the victim group as worthless, outside the web of mutual obligations, a threat to the people, immoral sinners, and/or subhuman (28). Hitler certainly defines the Jews as a group separate from the rest of the German population. By emphasizing the superiority of the Aryan race, and the inferiority of the Jews, he instills division within an already war-broken country. By integrating Anti-Semitic legislation in Germany, Hitler effectively makes it acceptable to not only hold contempt against Jews but act upon that contempt in support of the law. With the belief that Jews were subhuman, thieves, and a plague to their society, German citizens bound together and found the unity they desperately desired following the war in the common goal of purging their country of the evil in the Jewish population. The purging of the evil considered to be Jews would not have been possible without the consent of the German people. Richard Heideman states, Without the German peoples consent and approval, it would have been impossible for the Nazis to enforce their inhumane laws. By first convincing the average German that the loss of the First World War and the economic hardship that followed was all because of the Jews, and subsequently identifying the dangers they represented to every man, woman, and child, the Nazis made the Jew the common enemy of every German and the Reich as a whole This false predicate served as a foundation for the determination and decision that the only answer was extermination as the final solution to the Jewish Question (par 25). Ostracized from society, Jews desperately sought for someone to advocate on their behalf. Fortunately, there were Germans who saw the humanity in Jews and disagreed with the Anti-Semitism rampant in the country, but advocating for Jews was no simple task. Raul Hilberg states, It was difficult to revolt against established order in a society where people were more likely to revolt against revolution, and it was doubly difficult, as well as doubly dangerous, to do so once all the decrees had been put into place and the trains began to roll. The helper in Germany was almost alone, (197). Additionally, The constant presence of the Nazi police force known as the Gestapo most definitely hindered German citizens from advocating on behalf of Jews. German citizens saw what these men were capable of doing to Jews, and certainly did not desire the same fate for themselves. In reference to the presence of the Gestapo, Robert Gellately states, It is true that the citizen never felt far from the gaze of Nazis, whether in public, at work, or even at home, (44). Though the structure in which the Holocaust occurred made it difficult to advocate on behalf of Jews, the majority of inaction can be stemmed back to the indifference of the German people. As the day to day life of the ordinary German citizen improved, it became increasingly easier to look the other way when the extermination of the Jewish population went into full effect. Based on the belief that Jews were subhuman, many Germans were indifferent to the Jewish plight. This indifference allowed Jewish extermination to occur under their nose. The unfortunate truth about the Holocaust is that many Germans led completely ordinary lives. As Eric A. Johnson writes, Most [Germans] slept soundly at night Why should they not have? The economy was improving, most were finding employment, and their country was regaining its pride and still at peace, (253). Towards the later stages of the Holocaust when Jews were sent to concentration camps, it was much easier for the average German not to concern themselves with the well being of the Jews. This attitude of indifference is what allowed the extermination of Jews to exist. Clearly, Hitlers influence and ability to portray Jewish citizens as subhuman plays a larger role in the genocide that stains German history. The Holocaust will forever be a stain in German history as well as human history. The effects of World War One on the German economy clearly set the scene for the conception of the Holocaust. The Nuremberg Laws and Hitlers fast rise to power sanctioned legal persecution of Jews in Germany. Stemming from the belief that Jews were inferior, many Germans took an indifferent stance towards the plight of the Jews and became bystanders to the genocide. The Holocaust did not occur in one night but rather stemmed from a deep hatred spread by the highest authority in the country and legalized by Hitler. When studying the Holocaust one needs to find it crucial to remember the detrimental effects that hate can bring about and work to prevent a similar occurrence for the future.