Does Internet Increase Crime? Essay

In chapter 16, Oscar McLaren discusses how organized crime is â€Å"invading† the internet. One of Australia’s leading figures in online law enforcement says that the internet has so many opportunities for crime, and he believes that there will be a debate on the benefit of the internet at some stage. Organized crime is the biggest threat online or at least is emerging as it. The criminal gangs’ preferred weapon is referred to as botnets, which are groups of computers that have been infected with small computer programs known as malware. Malware has been effective to the point where it even infected the Sydney Opera House’s site. Malware can basically take your computer away from you. The criminal who infected your PC, will essentially own it and most of the time, steal bank account info from you. The Australian police covertly took control of a criminal online marketplace that was being run from Australia. Some even have a â€Å"delete, delete, delete† policy to any unsolicited email. Det Supt Hay says, â€Å"If everyone followed those three simple rules, that would reduce the chances of them falling victim online possibly as much as 80 per cent.† Achieving internet safety is hard. Mr. Ingram claims that you can’t just go around telling people not to click on links that you don’t know the meaning of, which makes the internet redundant. Based on what is said, it would seem that Australia has problems with internet crime quite a bit. My opinion: I believe that organized crime on the internet is pretty major. I never thought about the whole malware thing. If I were to give my opinion before I read about the topic, I would say it had no major connections with the web. But, now I believe otherwise. If any criminal desired to, they could communicate with possible members of a criminal group. They could, like said, use malware to create botnets and connect thousands of random computers to their web of crimes. All it takes is a simple click of the wrong link and your computer is as good as theirs. The internet does indeed make crime easier. Who needs robbing a bank when you can steal a bank account from a little hideout with a computer, right? Although, shutting the  internet down is not a good solution. I am not saying it was presented as a choice, but the idea was brought up. I think more people use the internet for good, than bad. If anything, programs should be capitalized on that trace the location of a sent malware to find and apprehend a criminal. Police can track phones, why not computers? Crime on the internet will definitely grow uncontrollably. Even if they make a program to fight back, the criminals can use the internet to find another way to hack into a network of computers. It is best to just be very careful what you do, and watch what you download on the internet. Always scan what you are doing to ensure the safety of your computer, and you.

Bottlenecks in a Process Paper

Bottlenecks in a Process Paper Tino Hearn OPS/571 James Powell April 13, 2010 RUNNING HEAD: Bottlenecks in a Process Paper The daily exercise process design is not an extensive process. The cycle time may vary daily. There are potential bottlenecks but not many relating to the daily exercise process design. â€Å"Good intentions often lead to bad habits. This is evident when bottlenecks occur from relying too heavily on highly productive individuals or systems. It is common practice to place more responsibility on an individual if that person consistently demonstrates the capacity for it† (Executive Blueprints, 2010). The writer notices a couple of bottlenecks that occurs due to natural elements of the process. For example, the flowchart displays the writer decides the length of time and the distance he will run. This is a potential bottleneck because if the weather is inclement, there will be a delay in the writer’s ability to begin running at the designated time. This will produce a buffer prior to the next stage of the process because the anticipated time of the next stage which is the abdominal workout will be prolonged. Another bottleneck would be if the writer starts his run and he gets muscle cramps or fatigue. This will potentially cause the writer to discontinue his run. However, these bottlenecks are not necessarily part of the normal process. Other potential bottlenecks could include the writer’s heart rate and vital signs being abnormal. The writer would have to his exercise regiment for that particular day. The bottlenecks in the exercise process will hinder the writer from reaching his overall health goals of losing weight; lower his cholesterol and acquiring better general health. Some potential buffers could involve the writer being too fatigued or exhausted to complete the cool down period. This would also prevent the writer from getting into the abdominal and weight lifting phase of the process. In essence, there are limited amount of bottlenecks in the exercise program flowchart. The bottlenecks are not detrimental to the overall objective of getting a good workout and exercise program prior to starting the workday. The bottlenecks can potentially help the writer fine tune some steps in the process to get better results. References Executive Blueprints (2010). Eliminating bottlenecks for process improvements. Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www. executiveblueprints. com/tips/090511bottlenecks. htm Tino, process analysis is a basic skill needed to understand how a business operates. I notice you used a source of reference to define bottlenecks and it is different than our course of study. However, I am not sure if you understand the concept of bottleneck correctly as evidence discussed in your paper. Except for you mentioning heart rate and vital signs being abnormal and these factors can limit the capacity of your workout and there is limited discussion about this bottleneck. (-3) Consider using a value-added analysis (focused on eliminating the non–value-adding activities), you might be able to reduce the workout time and maintain an acceptable heart rate for your activities. I would like to have seen you support your perspectives of the process and support it with theoretical concepts from the assigned reading where necessary. (-. 25) As presented your paper earned . 4. 75 out of 8. 0 points.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 215

Assignment Example ible inconsistency between traits of God and existence of evil that people suffer has a solution and this clarifies the point that despite sufferings that people undergo, God is all-powerful and cares about people. While the omnipresent feature means that God knows everything that people go through and having authority and being a loving and caring God would mean that He foresees any calamity and can protect people from it, bad things still happen to people. While evil defines a bad thing that destabilizes a system, and this is evident in such phenomena as diseases and calamity, the concept of moral evil offers a solution to the problem of evil. Under the concept, a moral agent exist that causes evil and human actions identifies the agency. This, together with the fact that God gave human being authority on earth and the freedom of choice, means that God may foresee evil and have authority over it, but He grants human being the freedom to decide on acting as an agent of moral evil or not. If man chooses to act morally then God’s authority becomes effective and He protects people from evil. Otherwise, man causes evil (Klibengajtis 4- 6). God granted man freedom and authority in earth and human actions, in consistency with God’s authority, causes evil. People’s sufferings are therefore consistent with the belief that God is all-powerful and cares for people because God acts on people’s will to either allow of prevent evil depending on human

Transfer of Training and Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transfer of Training and Evaluation - Assignment Example s after the training, two instruments that will be use include tests to measure the learning objectives or cognitive, and well as observation to measure the trainees demonstrate the skills acquired from the training. Test questions will be issued to the trainees about the steps and procedures that are used in collecting and analyzing the evidence from finger prints. This will assess whether the trainees have understood the principles and facts or not. The training will then be provided with practical tests to carry out whatever they have been trained on, practically. Observation will be used in assessing the trainees in order to gauge whether the correct steps and procedures are followed. The trainees were then provided with the required materials to carry out the fingerprints capturing procedure step by step. Observation was used to assess the learning outcomes. Many of the trainees were able to demonstrate the learning outcomes of this training. However, few were observed to miss on one point here and there, but on average, they all did well. The pretest assessment is used to assess the trainees’ level of understanding of particular training before it is carried out and after, so that one can be sure that the training objectives are met. Observation as a level three instrument was used to assess the trainees and gauge whether they did or did not understand the training facts and

Leading educational change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading educational change - Essay Example When dealing with school leadership in the Australian context, it is important for the articles by Gurr et al, (2005) and Dinham (2007) to be considered so that a better perspective of the issue under discussion can be achieved. While one would state that there are some areas of agreement between these two articles, especially touching on the various aspects of leadership, how these leadership styles are applied has been found to have some divergence. It is a fact that in Australia, there has developed a vast body of research that has confirmed that the teacher in a classroom has a profound influence on the performance of his or her students. In the abovementioned two articles, there is general agreement that it is important to find out how the quality of teaching and learning can be influenced and improved through the development of good leadership skills among the teachers in the classroom. In both articles, it is stated that educational leadership is of principle importance when d etermining the quality of teaching and learning and as a result has a pertinent influence on the achievement of the students involved. ... It is often essential for the teacher to ensure that they have undergone some kind of leadership training so that they can be better able to handle diverse and unique situations in their classrooms. He further states that it is often necessary for the teacher or school leader to realise that each and every one of their students is unique in many ways and that the behaviour of students should not be categorised in general terms. What one student may be able to understand over a short period of time does not apply to another student who might not be capable of understand over the same time. This means that in order for the teacher to be effective in their classroom, it is often necessary for him to ensure that he treats each of his students in the most flexible way he can in order to cultivate their unique capabilities. Gurr et al (2005) are also of this opinion although they go even further by stating that teachers have to do a self-examination to determine whether they have the neces sary qualities that will enable them to become effective leaders so that they can be able to not only strengthen these qualities, but also work towards ensuring that they have acquired those qualities which are most essential in helping in the academic performance of their students. The two articles adopted different methodologies and these have been manifested in the divergent outcomes that resulted from the studies they conducted. Dinham, for instance, chose to pursue two types of research sites with the aim of studying how leadership had an effect in determining the exceptional student outcomes. The first of these was the conducting of studying on departments, which were responsible for the teaching of subjects in secondary schools for

I want a wife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I want a wife - Essay Example In today’s society, the role of the wife is the most important of the family as the woman is the primary caregiver of the children and the main one who ensures the family stays organized and intact. All of these are pertinent points that this essay has included in its structure. From a modern day mother and wife’s stand point, the article by Brady is totally off the concept of what a wife’s position in the family is in the 20th century. If the type of mentality towards women and wives in general was implied today as it apparently was back in the 70’s, it would leave many women in an utter outrage because a wife/mothers’ role is far more than waiting on a husbands every need, hand and foot. Brady depicted wives as almost slaves in the article, insinuating women had one sole purpose and that was to cater to a man or husband, if you will. There is no equality found in this piece of literature, and for wives today there is no logical association for women of the 20th century to identify with. Times have definitely changed and it’s obvious that they have been progressing for the better, for women, through the decades. From a feminist perspective, the description of wives in the article is inadequate and although it might hold some what of a historical perception of how wives roles use to be considered, it simply is not a viable assumption now. However, when looking back into the mid 1900’s, the wife’s role was basically one in which it was expected that she would be a homemaker and tend to all the areas that had any type of bearing on caring for the children, schedule keeping, keeping the home in order, and paying considerable consideration to her husband and his needs. Beyond that, there was no expectation for the wife to work outside the hoe since it was the common idea that the husband would be the bread winner, and take care of all the more pertinent aspects of

Smoking and Youth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Smoking and Youth - Essay Example This paper will provide the factors leading to excessive smoking addiction during adolescence, and various approaches that will help diminish this obsession. Adolescence is attracted to smoking owing to various factors.  Ã‚  One of the most prominent reasons why people start smoking at a very young age is the influence of their friends. In other words, peer pressure is the number one cause why teens would smoke.   Secondly, when a child grows up in an environment surrounded by smokers like if a father, uncle, aunt or cousins, smoke, chances of smoking is higher because smoking will appear as a normal activity to him.     In addition, youth today is exposed to television, beauty magazines where they see beautiful images of their favorite celebrities and models smoking, as a result, giving them the impression that it is something advisable, and enhances ones personality. However, once an individual starts tobacco consumption their reasons for smoking keep changing. It is a fact that once a child initiates smoking it becomes an addiction and it is not possible to quit that easily. When asked, the reason youth gave for smoking was either boredom or to relieve stress. Anxiety and stress is related to low self-esteem. Hence, one can say that low- self-respect could be one of the major reasons why youth smoke. Likewise, depression in youth is another important issue that should be considered when it comes to smoking, depressive symptoms seems evident in divorced parents or increased abusive behavior towards the child. In such circumstances, a child would be more inclined to smoking cigarettes to hide the pain and trauma. Hence, research shows the most important factors associated with under- age tobacco consumption is peer pressure, family environment that includes parents and siblings and most importantly low self-esteem.  Studies show that â€Å"each day, between 82,000 and 99,000 young people around the world start smoking†

Hitler's Pope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hitler's Pope - Essay Example John Cornwell made one of the first attempts to look deeper into the role which Catholic religious leaders played in the development and expansion of Nazism in Europe. His book about Eugenio Pacelli, the Catholic Pope during the World War II, was too sensational to be untrue. The author relied on the primary documents, to reveal the astonishing truth about the Pope, his attitudes toward Jews, and his role in the development of diplomatic ties between Nazi Germany and other European allies. Despite a wealth of historic information provided by Cornwell, his personal â€Å"negative† attitudes toward the Pope were too obvious to conceal and often compromised the need to be historically objective and unbiased. That the topic of Catholic religion during the times of Nazism had always been underresearched pushed John Cornwell to explore the subject in greater detail. His book was the product of his own analysis and the growing interest toward the issues of papacy in Nazi Germany. Cornwell acknowledged that in his book, he wanted to resolve the eternal conflict of beliefs about the Pope: â€Å"some historians were confident that Eugenio Pacelli shamed the Catholic Church by failing to denounce the Final Solution; others believed that the issue lacked historical evidence and proofs†.1 The topic was increasingly interesting to everyone who sought to feel the information void in the contemporary research about religion during the times of Nazism. Pope Eugenio Pacelli was an exemplary object of historical research, due to the significant role he played in church during the World War II and the number of mysteries that surrounded his personality during and after his religious triumph. The popularity of the Pope’s figure was difficult to underestimate – Cornwell wrote that his picture had been looking at him at every wall of every classroom.2 What else could a professional historian need to produce a sensation? – only an access to the secret documents

Understanding Identities of Students Essay Example for Free

Understanding Identities of Students Essay In this paper, Carlo’s story is the focus discussion. Emigrating from Texas to Corpo Christi, Carlo with his grandmother, younger sister and brother left for the U. S. in search for better opportunities in career, freedom to choose religion, and attain a better, social status in life. However, Carlo and his family is having a hard time with their social adjustment and acculturation of the norms in the society and school, making new friends, and adjusting in the existing policy of stopping the usage of their Spanish native language (Ovando, 2006, p. 1). The Importance of Understanding Identities of Students It is very important for teachers to understand their students in their multicultural classroom. Since every student deserves to receive quality education in school, they deserve adequate supervision and guidance of the school personnel to ensure the children’s needs. Further, the parents entrust their children to the school personnel to help their children reach their full potentials, increase their knowledge, and develop their physical, mental, and socio-emotional development. So, it is important that the teachers fulfill their role in integrating the diverse-cultured students and mingle them with the mainstream of the majority students. To avoid the feeling of depersonalization, teachers and peers should help each other build a community open for diverse culture, ethnicity, and religion to protect all the children from emotional maladjustments and to hinder what is blocking every student’s learning. Conclusion Learning would be effective and much easier for students if they feel comfortable in their school setting. The school environment is next best place to home so the teachers and school personnel should ensure the safety and well-being of all their students. Thus, school personnel, teachers, and peers should help in stopping discrimination and rather attend to the needs and help the adjustment of the foreign students or immigrants. References Ovando, C. J. , Combs, M. C. , Collier, V. P. (2006). Bilingual and ESL classrooms: Teaching in multicultural contexts. (4th ed. ). Boston: McGraw Hill.

THE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON NIGERIAS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Essay Example for Free

THE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON NIGERIAS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Essay Monetary policy being an economic tool is used to stabilize the economy. It is a tool used by the government through monetary agencies like the Central Bank to control the supply of money in an economy. It is used to bring about economic growth and development through the control of inflation. It impacts the economy cannot over-emphasized. It has very positive impacts on the economy and helps in building a sustainable economy. Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. It is maintained through actions such as increasing the interest rate, or changing the amount of money banks has to keep in the vault(bank reserves). It can be used to increase or decrease the volume of money in circulation based on the situation at hand. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The intent of the proposed study is to critically examine the impact of monetary policies on the Nigerian economy. The focus will be on how monetary policies adopted in recent years have impacted on the Nigerian economy. How the federal government have strived through the use of monetary policies to stabilize and develop the Nigerian economy. The intent is to provide adequate information to readers on the roles played by monetary authorities and monetary policies in ensuring economic growth and development in the entity called Nigeria. An objective approach shall be employed in order to bring about valid arguments and conclusions. LITERATURE REVIEW Scholars in the economic and financial field have written articles on the proposed research topic. Professor Kunle Adamson in 2002 wrote an article in this regard.he placed emphasis on the then proposed re-denomination of the naira by the then CBN governor Professor Charles Soludo. He critically analysed how the re-denomination of the naira would have impacted the Nigerian economy. Another literature to be reviewed is the article written by Dr Okoro A. Sunday(Ph.D) of the Ebonyi State University. He critically examined the long-run equilibrium relationship between monetary policy instruments and economic growth in Nigeria. The intent  of the proposed research is to explore the various angles to the research topic. The poor implantation process would also be critically examined.

Traditional and New Approaches of Media Effect

Traditional and New Approaches of Media Effect Widhia Kurnia Sukmono How do you think the media affect us? Critically evaluate debates on media effects and traditional and new approaches to media effect theories. With reference to one particular case study, provide you considered assessment of how the media influence, and affect, us. It has been widely accepted by the public that the media is capable of Influencing societies on a large scale. The media has long been deemed as a very powerful force within society that can subvert norms and values that could ultimately undermine our social order. How the media exactly affect us can be seen as a rather complex issue that concerns many media scholars for a long time. Various theories on media effect has been created by some of the world’s renowned communication scholars in order to depict how the media influence people. Debates on how the media influence may cause more harm than good Is still ongoing till now. Hence, it is the utmost importance to analyse the various models of media effect and how it has evolved in order to fully understand how the media actually influence us. Especially now since we are currently living in a media saturated culture, more than ever we depend on the media for our understanding of world events. This essay aims to analyse traditional and new approaches of media effect, and sought to debate on the credibility of various media effect theories. The five media effect theories mentioned in this essay will include the Hypodermic Needle Theory, The Reception theory, Two Step Flow theory, Catharsis theory and Encoding Decoding theory. To further the analysis of media effect on society, this essay will also touch on the subject of moral panic and how it is related to media influence. Finally, this essay will also perform a case study on the prevalence of violent behaviour among young people caused by high violent imagery portrayed by media industry. Some people argued that the amount of violence presented in the media is the core reason causing young viewers to adopt violent behaviour, but this may not be necessarily true. The idea that the media has powerful effects on people gained ground during the 1920’s and 1930’s, in light of the fascist treatment towards society and dictators utilizing the media as a propaganda tool in countries like Germany and Russia. After researcher began observing the effect of propaganda during World War 1, they brought about the very first theory of media effects which is called the Hypodermic Needle Theory or the Magic Bullet Model. The Hypodermic Needle Theory is a linear communication theory which suggests that media messages are injected directly into the brains of a passive, receptive, uncritical audience. A classic example of the application of the hypodermic needle theory was illustrated on October 30, 1938 when Orson Welles and the newly formed Mercury Theatre group broadcasted their dramatization of H.G Wells’ â€Å"War of the Worlds.† The program, which was presented in the format of a news bulletin, caused one million listener of the 12 million listener in America to be â€Å"panic-stricken†. A wave of mass hysteria disturbed households, interrupted religious services causing severe traffic jams and clogged major communication system. People even fled their homes in the city to seek shelter in more rural areas, grocery stores were raided and people began to ration food. The nation was in a state of chaos caused by a single broadcast of what was meant to be a radio dramatization of a well-known book. After the event occurred media theorist classified the â€Å"War of the Worlds† broadcast as the archetypal example of the Hypodermic Needle Theory and an example of moral panic. This event demonstrated perfectly on how the media worked, simply by injecting the message directly into the bloodstream of the public like a drug, it then successfully stimulated a uniform response from the mass population. This theory shows how audiences are seen a passive and gullible individuals who could easily be manipulated by the media. Although the Hypodermic Needle Theory has died away in the 1930’s since it fails to recognize the fact that audience themselves are active producers of meaning. Nevertheless, the Hypodermic Needle Theory is one of the earliest and fundamental theory of media effects that continues to influence the way we talk about the media and the creation of other media effect theory. However, this theory may still be applicable to children or young viewers as they are considered extremely passive audience and uncritical. They would not be able to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong and may possibly see violence as an acceptable behaviour in society. Hence, it is often recommended that media industry to apply censorship to prevent children from latching onto violent behaviour. Unlike what Hypodermic Needle Theory depicted, the media effect process can be seen as a more complex thing, the media doesn’t necessarily have total direct and powerful influence on audiences as it involve more variables. Media and audience relationship does not exist in void but is involved and influenced by many things such as social context, culture and political-economy. Audience would consists of unique individuals who have different social and culture which makes it problematic to conceptualise one mass audience. The term active audience was then created alongside the Reception theory which is the exact polar opposite of the Hypodermic Needle Theory. This theory recognises viewers as active participants in media that is able to form out unique responses from each individual viewers. Campbell and Morgan (2009) states that one particular message received by five different people most probably create five unique responses depending on personal factors such as religion, edu cation, culture, political affiliation and legal framework. Lazarsfeld and Katz (1955) also add that people may become opinion leaders, usually are individuals who pay close attention to the media. This also bring us to the next media effect theory called the Two-Flow step theory which suggest that media meanings are mediated through key individuals that influences how we think. These so called ‘opinion leaders’ sought to observe media content and pass on their interpretation of media to others. In a paper presented at the 20th Annual World Wide Web Conference in 2011, researchers managed to look into the flow of information on the social networking site Twitter and revealed that they had found significant evidence to support the Two Step Flow Theory. Researchers found that news distributed in twitter find its way through people a number of prominent and influential opinion leaders like celebrities, journalist and bloggers. Ultimately the media is no longer seen as having strong powerful direct effect on audiences anymore. (Lazar sfeld, 1955). Another theory called the Catharsis theory was created, the term â€Å"Catharsis† is derived from the Greek word Katharsis which literally means cleansing, purging, or purification. This theory has played an important role in the discussion about the effects of violence in the mass media for many years. It implies that the execution of an aggressive action under certain conditions diminishes the aggressive drive and therefore reduces the likelihood of further aggressive action. The crucial point in Catharsis Theory is that the observed aggressive action does not necessarily need to be executed in reality, it can instead take place in the audience fantasy and imaginations. This is closely linked to the consumerism aspect of mass media in whereby audiences use what they see on the media to fulfil the different needs and wants they have (Goldstein, 1998). One of the most common needs of audience is the urge to escape reality. The mass media industry is able to give these sensatio n through wide array of films or games exhibiting characteristic of tragedy and violence for the audience to cleanse their negative feelings (Campbell and Morgan, 2009). Catharsis is then deemed to be beneficial to both the individual and society. People viewing violence-oriented television programs, films or video games experiences emotional release from negative feelings such as fear and anger. The thrill and excitement delivered by these media text meets the adventurous needs of the audience without actually placing them in any real risk (Edgar, 1977). This theory then suggest that children who are exposed to violence on the media are unlikely to end up practising it, since they are purged of their aggressive drive and negative feeling. All of the theoretical approaches discussed have only allocated power to either the audience or the media. One of the pioneer works to break away from this over emphasis of unilateral power was established by Stuart Hall’s through his encoding/decoding theory developed in the 1980’s. Hall (1980) argues that media producer ‘encode’ specific meanings in media text, which is distributed to audiences who will then decode and reproduce these meanings through their own understanding (Hall, 1980 pp 128). Hall does not just chart a middle ground between audience and the media but also introduces media producers into the equation and their roles in this relationship. Hall suggest that producers of the media message would usually encodes their agendas and assumption in the media text which will then shapes the ‘preferred meanings’ of the text. Such meanings would then limit and guide audience interpretations. Similarly to the Reception theory, Hallâ€⠄¢s Encoding Decoding theory suggest that specific factors outside the media text such as gender, education and ethnicity do play a role in influencing audience’s interpretations. One of the reasons why encoding and decoding model is significant in media studies is because it balances the relationship between the media and the audience, returning some power to the media while at the same time maintaining audience as active participants. This approach acknowledges both audience and the media as sites of meaning making. Hall then further develops the audience decoding method as affected to four different levels of responsiveness. Firstly, dominant meaning the audience recognise and agree with the preferred meaning offered by media text. Secondly, oppositional meaning that the audience disagree with the preferred meaning because it contradicts to their own set of beliefs and attitudes. Thirdly, Negotiated, is when audience opposes or adapts to the preferred meaning. Finally, ab errant meaning the audience gives meanings deviant to the preferred meaning. This theory then suggest that producers of media text may encode their preferred meaning inside the text, but it is up to the audience to decode the messages from their very own perspective. By analysing these various media effect theories presented in this essay and how they have evolved. It has become clear that the way media affect us involve a particularly complex process. Nowadays the media does not directly influence us it is clear that the way the media affec These different media effect theories that are presented in this essay attempt to explain and justify the manner in which the mass media influences society are all practical in their own References: Campbell, S., Ling, R. (2009). Effects of mobile communication. In B. Jennings M. B. Oliver. (Eds.). Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 592-606). New York: Routledge, New York. : As one of the recommend readings for media effects, it draws the reality of modern society apparently and describes the way media has an influence on the modern society and human life by providing the difference between modern and past world. The more media is developed, the more convenience people are. Whilst, the more opportunities people get to share or communicate with the others, the more problems such as privacy issues or mobile violence are occurred. So this gives both sides of idea with some examples. Cline, V. B., Croft, R. G., Courrier, S. (1973). Desensitization of children to television violence.Journal of personality and social psychology,27(3), 360 : This Journal draws the present environment of children who are now surrounded by mobile technologies such as television, computer and Smartphone. Also this tells the reader that children are now exposed from violence contents. Even though most of the media such as film, news usually deals with dramatic violence; it is able to have influence on children to follow the contents recklessly. Furthermore, it proves these conditions by measuring the physical and psychological change of children and links the results with the media violence. The text criticized contemporary society that is desensitized from the conditions. Edgar, P. (1977). Children and screen violence. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press. : In this text Edgar defines what violence is and interprets the norm of violence in the area of media technologies by providing several examples. Also, it contains the theoretical research of mass media and its violence. This more focuses on the mass media violence on children and adolescence and discusses whether it is one of the most considerable issues or not in contemporary society. Goldstein, J. (Ed.). (1998). Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment. New York: Oxford University Press. : This text provides some reasons why people are attracted to violent entertainment in social and mass media such as films, video games, sports programs and news. Goldstein insists that the audiences may have all different reasons why they are attracted by violent media contents. For instance, some are attracted by violent content of media due to stress-elimination and some are exposed by those just for self-satisfaction in fictional places. Moreover, this points out the reason why media violence is considerable issues in modern world from different points of views and how it affects the number of people predominantly. Katz, E. Lazarsfeld, P.F. (1955) Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications, The Free Press, New York. : In this text, Katz and Lazarsfeld analyse how mass communications and mass media affects on people and the way they will be changed. As the form of case study, the text gives fairly detail examples in real world. It also emphasises and deals with the role of the people in contemporary society such as sharing the common belief, communication or sending messages among people. Similarly, they states that messages transmitted through mass media go directly into the minds of those who receive or view the content and describes that those then leads the audiences to believe the stories conveyed and act in a uniform manner as suggested by the information they now have. Poynting, S., Morgan, G. (2009). Introduction. In S. Poynting G. Morgan (Eds.), Outrageous!: Moral panics in Australia (pp. 1-10). Hobart: Australian Clearinghouse for Youth Studies. : The text is one of the required readings for understanding the media affect. As form of case study, this provides the detailed examples and helps readers to understand the concept of moral panic in Australia clearly. Also, this text points out the connection between the impact of modern social technologies, media and past Australian society. Seymour Feshbach (Catharsis theory

Brave New World and Frankenstein - Conflicts Between Scientific Knowledge and Social Responsibilit :: Frankenstein Essays

Brave New World and Frankenstein - Conflicts Between Scientific Knowledge and Social Responsibility Letter From the Savage ( Brave New World) to Victor Frankenstein ( Frankenstein) Dear Dr. Victor Frankenstein, Your response to my last letter was very prompt. As you know, ever since I set foot into this brave new world, my life has been a disaster. The society of this new world saddens me. The people who occupy this land feel no passion towards anything wonderful or beautiful. There is nothing natural about them. All they feel passionate about is their filthy soma in which I have attempted to free them of its chains (Huxley 210). It was the same dreadful drug that poisoned the body and soul of my beloved mother (Huxley 211). This new world is the resultant the pursuit of scientific knowledge. The Ford conducted this experiment with the intentions of gaining a better understanding of science. Just as you made your dreadful creature, the Ford created something more hideous. I believe your intentions and the Ford’s intentions are pure and true, both of you never thought of the consequences. It is hard to believe that this world was created out of passion when none exists in this society. Frankenstein, your passion for your creation caused you to stay up day and night, but you never thought of the outcome. Your drive for grasping scientific knowledge made you create another human being without even thinking of the consequences. You released your creature out into a world it was not familiar with and it caused havoc in your life. If you were more responsible in your actions, your creature would not have caused such destruction in your life. The creature does not understand the society in wh ich you live. The creation of your creature was science itself, but the passion behind it was found in your drive for mastering life. The intention of understanding life was lost in the uncontrollable obsession you had with creating another human being. This hideous new world was the outcome of an experiment of science. The creation of this dispassionate world was the result of the Ford’s pursuit in scientific knowledge. At this point the world has become unreal and has been corrupted. The values of these inhabitants and their morals are completely foreign to me.

Exploring Music Trading :: Essays Papers

Exploring Music Trading Background The recording of live music goes back over a century to the beginnings of audio recording technology itself. The organized recording and trading of a band's live shows by devoted fans, however, is generally traced back to the late '60s or early '70s. The first band which allowed and encouraged such activity was, of course, the Grateful Dead. Although the Dead never had a true radio hit, they were able to become the most consistently successful touring act of all time in no small part by allowing their fans to record and then trade (but never sell) copies of each of their live shows. Both the library and music trading communities may find themselves under profit-minded assault in the present and near future. By the time the Grateful Dead called it a career in 1995 with the death of guitarist and guru Jerry Garcia, a number of other bands had taken notice and were emulating the practice of allowing audience taping and trading. Prominent among these bands were first-wave "HORDE" (named for a successful festival tour) or "jambands" such as Phish and Blues Traveler. Despite the lack of MTV or radio support, Phish managed to gross over $20 million per year from their tours in the late '90s. The band consistently sold out venues for multi-day runs, while MTV-friendly bands were playing in front of half-full houses. While there is no real estimate of the number of touring bands today which allow audience taping and trading, a rough guess would place the low end at well over a hundred (given that 80-taper friendly bands were at the High Sierra Music Festival last summer, and at least an equal number were not). Many of these bands now allow, encourage or initiate the posting of their shows to var ious online sites such as www.archive.org (a must-see site for all library types, not just for the excellent live shows contained therein), usually in SHN or FLAC formats, where they are available for free download to anyone with a high-speed connection. Given the harsh attitude of the major recording labels (as expressed through the Recording Industry Association of America's various peer-to-peer lawsuits) toward "unauthorized" distribution of copyrighted recordings on the ground that it damages the fortunes of their artists [author's note: one should be properly skeptical of any record company claims of interest in their artists' well being], why, then would bands allow the essentially free distribution of live shows?

Themes in the Cremation of Sam Mcgee

The Cremation of Sam McGee by Robert Service is an incredible example of a narrative ballad. It tells it’s story through internal and external rhyming couplets Now Sam McGee was from Tennessee, where the cotton blooms and blows.? Why he left his home in the South to roam 'round the Pole, God only knows. (Service) with a cadence which holds true through out the whole poem (Team, Shmoop Editorial). Service’s application of literary devices like alliteration enhances the flow of the poem; â€Å"roam 'round, cursed cold, foul or fair, half hid, and brawn and brains† (Service).The cold of the Arctic is a major theme and Service uses an assortment of other literary devices to convey his message (Team, Shmoop Editorial). He sets the tone with the oxymoron at the end of the first stanza; â€Å"midnight sun† (Service) where midnight speaks to cold and sun to warmth. Then again in the first quatrain he uses a metaphor to tell of how ones â€Å"blood runs cold† (Service) in the Arctic. Service employs juxtaposition in the second quatrain when he puts Sam’s home in warm Tennessee â€Å"where the cotton blooms and blows† (Service) beside his present residence of the Arctic where â€Å"He [is] was always cold† (Service).He utilizes a simile in such a manner that the reader can feel the relentless, penetrating cold â€Å"Talk of your cold! through the parka's fold it stabbed like a driven nail† (Service). His use of personification â€Å"heavens scowled† (Service) and â€Å"I wrestled with grisly fear† (Service) paints an image of cold so effectively that we can see the dark sky and feel the shiver of fear. Another theme that comes alive through the use of literary devices is the peculiar (Team, Shmoop Editorial).Service’s first quatrain is peppered with metaphors; â€Å"The Arctic trails have their secret tales [and] The Northern Lights have seen queer sights† (Service) which set the m ood for the strange. Later in the seventh quatrain Service uses a metaphor to emphasis the cold and the darkness of the Arctic he finds himself in with Sam’s corpse: â€Å"There wasn't a breath in that land of death†. The paradox of Sam wishing that â€Å"he'd sooner live in hell† is an odd statement for any human.The imagery Service creates with his word choice allows you to see the narrator â€Å"sing to the hateful thing, and it hearkened with a grin† (Service), â€Å"burrowed a hole in the glowing coal, and †¦ stuff in Sam McGee† (Service) or â€Å"there sat Sam, looking cool and calm, in the heart of the furnace roar† (Service). Whether it is literal or figurative is open to question. One could see a person singing to a corpse but to have the corpse grin back is weird.Now to stuff a corpse into a furnace of glowing coals and then to have the corpse came back to life and enjoy the fiery abode is not something anyone would actually d o or witness and thus it takes the reader to a world of peculiar. A final theme to be introduced is that of friendship (Team, Shmoop Editorial). An interesting alliance is between the humans and the dogs. The dogs are symbiotic with the men and their actions are relayed to us using internal rhyming and a metaphor â€Å"the huskies †¦ howled out their woes to the homeless snows — O God! ow I loathed the thing† (Service) or â€Å"And on I went, though the dogs were spent and the grub was getting low† (Service). Sam and the narrator’s friendship is displayed to us by Service†s love of internal rhyming, â€Å"A pal's last need is a thing to heed† or â€Å"The trail was bad, and I felt half mad, but I swore I would not give in. † He also uses a metaphor to communicate the commitment between them even in death: â€Å"Now a promise made is a debt unpaid, and the trail has its own stern code† (Service). Robert Service is truly a ge nius with the written word.His poem The Cremation of Sam McGee creates a timeless tale for past, present and future generations. The spell it casts on its listeners is produced through the placement of the words Service chooses. The Cremation of Sam McGee deserves to be the best poem in the world. Works Cited â€Å"Literary Devices. † Literary Devices. N. p. , 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Service, Robert. â€Å"RobertWService. Com. † Robert W Service. com. Tacoma Technologies, 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Team, Shmoop Editorial. â€Å"The Cremation of Sam McGee. † Shmoop. com. Shmoop University Inc. , 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.

My Best Friend Essay

â€Å"Don’t walk in front of me, I may not follow; don’t walk behind me, I may not lead; Just walk beside me, and be my friend†. I’m going to describe someone who means the world to me and also has a huge impact in my life. I have one such good friend who walks beside me and who extends her hand, when I am about to slip and fall. She is my greatest asset in life, which I treasure more than anything else in this world. She is my best friend. My best friend is Mahliet Mersha. We come from the same neighborhood. Our houses are situated close to each other’s. Both Mahliet and I are of same age and belong to more or less same economic background. In fact, what has cemented our friendship deep is that our families have been close to each other for a long time. My father and Mahliet’s father were good friends back in Ethiopia. Another reason, which probably helped us to become good friends, is that we have grown together. We have spent our childhood days playing, fighting, learning, and enjoying together. Mahliet and I generally go to school together but I will be leaving Mahliet because it’s going to be my final year. Mahliet has many excellent qualities of heart and mind. Her simplicity, smartness, neatness, intelligence, straightforwardness, cool temperament, pleasant behavior, gentle ways, dutifulness, etc. have made her one of the most liked and popular students in the school. Mahliet’s sweet temperament is her greatest quality. She never hurts others or speaks ill of others. She has an amazing personality. She also helps me more than anybody. She tries to do all she can to make me come up to her level. She never goes to any movies or party without me. I do the same for her. My best friend has been through a lot she is currently living with me sometimes and also living with my other friend Helen. I’ve helped Mahliet from day one; she was having problems at home and not living a healthy life. Whenever I am sick, she is the first to come and see me. There is no function in my home without her presence. All these have combined to make our friendship deep and lasting. The best trait that I admire and like most in my friend is her disciplined life. She gets up on time, does her homework always, attends school regularly, respects her teachers and elders and never indulges in unhealthy ways such as, smoking, taking alcohol, idling away time, skipping classes etc. Her principle of ‘duty first- enjoyment second’ is something that I find difficult to follow, yet try to imitate. She corrects me whenever I commit any mistake. For me she is a source of inspiration, support and also a role model to imitate. I am ever grateful to the almighty for having given me such a good friend. I cherish it as my greatest treasure. I am sure our friendship will grow deeper and deeper in the years to come. I wish everyone had such friends in life. I know I can always count on Mahliet whenever I need her and she also feels the same way. My best friend brings joy to me.

Project Management Article

The Article I have chosen to summarize is titled â€Å"Life and Death† by Cindy Waxier and the same was published In the February 2013 issue of The PM Network Magazine, The article Is on Risk Management planning and execution and its requirement before any type of risky operation. The Management team of Children's Memorial Hospital In Illinois, USA faced a dramatic challenge on 9th June 2012 when they moved 127 patients from their aging faculty to a new 23-storied $855 building on Northwestern universities medical school campus.The new facility named Ann and Robert H. Laurie Hospital of Chicago was equipped with modern facilities and the move was necessitated because the present building that was built in 1882 was cramped despite various attempts for renovation and expansion and patients felt like being rats stuck in a cage. In the words of Maureen Mahoney, Laurie Children's chief clinical excellence officer QUOTE We realized that in order to continue to grow and serve patient s in a way that's compatible with our vision, we had to create a replacement hospital †¦UNQUOTE. The new facility had multiple features to ensure better patient care Like spacious treatment rooms, an enclosed ambulance bay and there comforts. The hospital had risk patients and before they could enjoy the comforts of the new faculty the task of moving them to the new establishment situated at a distance of 4. 8 Kilometers from the present hospital was daunting.A single misstep would end in a tragedy and a comprehensive Risk Management Strategy had been put in place by Mahoney who had spent years to draw up a comprehensive strategy that included logistics, budget, staffing and transportation keeping in mind the worst case-scenarios that may crop up during the transfer of patients. A multidisciplinary project team had been built to ensure smooth transition. Outside consultants team was also enlisted for guidance that helped in shaping the foundation but the Hospital's own Risk Man agement Team built on it based on their culture and need of the patients.The Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA had undergone a similar migration to a replacement hospital earlier. Ms. Mahoney and her team met with representatives of this hospital to discuss the various aspects. The team also consulted other hospitals that were planning their transition and discussed and shared plans. Since transporting the patients required closing of some of Chicago Streets, Ms. Mahoney had already spoken to the city agencies including police; fire and emergency well in advance so that they could work in an orchestrated manner and ensure smooth transportation of patients without any hindrance.All the faculty and staff were informed in details about the move and meetings were held to address the concerns of physicians, nurses and caregivers. Since this operation would impact everyone in the hospital, organizing and encouraging all and sundry were a necessity. To remove the fear of the young patients, they were shown videos of a Buddy Bear being safely moved to a new capital and each patient was given a Buddy Bear of his or her own on moving day as an encouragement.With the Risk management team raring to go and all city support having been secured plans were laid for logistics of transporting the patients. Elective surgeries were Mahoney who had spent 4 years to draw up a comprehensive the worst case-scenarios that may crop up during the transfer of patients. A multidisciplinary project team had been built to ensure smooth transition. Outside consultants team was also enlisted for guidance that helped in shaping the some of Chicago Streets, Ms. Mahoney had already spoken to the city agencies avian been secured plans were laid for logistics of transporting the patients.Elective surgeries were delayed until after the move and accordingly patients were divided into seven categories based on the severity of their condition. Patients from the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units and children undergoing chemotherapy were given preference. The team also ensured that the required medical equipments as needed were transferred along with the patient and included medication, intravenous line or oxygen. The worst case scenario of patient being decontaminates en route was critically planned and Ms. Mahoney ensured that medical specialists accompany each patient in the ambulance.On the eve of the move I. E. 8th June 2012, everything were checked as planned, patients' requirements were meticulously ascertained and even the less critical medical requirement such as emptying a patients catheter prior to departure was not ignored. The transfer began on 9th June 2012 precisely at 6 a. M. The next day and adequate staff was on hand at both ends to tackle any problem that may arise. Chicago streets were cordoned-off and the medical staff begun the much awaited transfer making note at ACH step to ensure patients whereabouts from the moment he or she was taken ou t of bed.The documentation of movement helped the team to track and look after the patients at four points during the process of transfer. Within two hours I. E. By 8 p. M. Every patient was safely transported to the new facility and en envisaged and planned there was not a single mishap or even a single safety issue. The four years of comprehensive risk management strategy was successfully implemented and all the 127 patients were safely transported to the new facility in Just 14 hours, covering a distance of 4. 8 kilometers.

Good and Traditional Business

BUS 200 Week 7 Assignment Strayer University How eBay Stays Connected to Its Community 1. What macro-barriers and micro-barriers might hinder successful communication between Meg Whitman and eBay users? What do you suggest she do to address these potential barriers? A macro-barrier that might hinder communication could be the constant need to learn new concepts which cut down on the time available. A way to address this barrier would be to train your personnel at different times leaving the opportunity for those that are attending training to have their positions filled for the time gone. A micro-barrier that might hinder communication could be perception. Each person might have a different interpretation of a message this could put a barrier between the customer and the service needed. A way to address this barrier would be to by running scenarios for the employees on the most frequently asked questions and seeing which answers that they come up with. 2. Do you think the channels of communication in an online business such as eBay differ from those in a traditional business? Explain. No, I feel that with the online business you would get more communication with the customers than with a traditional business. I feel this way because if a traditional business’ customer has a problem with something, then they would have to go through the proper channels to get something done about what the certain issue is that they want to have corrected. If the online business customer has a problem, all they have to do is go the comment section, or the contact us button on the website and they would easily put down what their problem is. I feel that it is easier for online customers to get the problems solved in a more reasonable time than with traditional businesses. . How would you recommend that new managers at eBay establish rapport with buyers and sellers? I feel that eBay managers could establish rapport with buyers and sellers by continuing to get their input on things that they would like to change. Get the opinions of the buyers and sellers and see what they feel would be good or bad for the company. If you have a consensus of the majority, it would make their jobs as managers easier to m ake the necessary decisions that are necessary to make the company better as a whole.

Babylon Essay Research Paper In what today

Babylon Essay, Research Paper In what today is Iraq, there one time was a great civilisation known as Babylon, which at one clip could hold ruled the universe and was home to the 2nd admiration of the universe, the Hanging Gardens. Babylon was located in an ancient part surrounded by the Tigris and Euphrates River called the Mesopotamia country ( now southern Iraq near the terminal of the Fertile Crescent ) . This great civilisation foremost initiated around 3500 BC and began to crumple after the twelvemonth 323 BC. The Babylon civilization was successful because of the advanced citizens, cultural metropoliss, their engineering, and both political and legal systems. The capital of the Babylon Empire was a big metropolis in Babylon, which were place to 10,000 to 40,000 Sumerians and Semites ( names of Babylonians ) . The metropolis was discreet by a big wall to guard off any aggressors. Inside the walls there were several brilliant castles and temples utilized for mundane worship. The remainder of the metropolis had typical houses that had a cardinal courtyard established in every room. Narrow and writhing streets outside the wall at gaps located the houses where open-air markets at the bizarre took topographic point. Many people arising from two major civilisations populated Babylon: the mobile Sumerians and the cryptic Semitic. The Sumerians were the first people to settle in Babylon, after go forthing their fatherland in Sumeria, but bit by bit united with the Semitic. The Sumerians made the land into a great country to farm, rise farm animal, construct swamps, and irrigate canals. These lessons taught by the Sumerians instituted themselves in to Babylonian life. The Babylonians understood the proficient accomplishments of the Sumerians in irrigation and agribusiness. Keeping the system of canals butchs, weirs, and reservoirs exercised by their predecessors required considerable technology cognition and accomplishment. All of the tools and readyings the Sumerians used were inaugurated into Babylonian history. Due to Babylon? s location, agriculture was a methodical business necessitating great foresight, diligence, and skill. As in The Ancient Babylonian ( Davis: 4 ) , a papers written in Sumerian, but used as a text edition in the Babylon schools is a regular husbandman # 8217 ; s farmers calendar. It records a series of instructions and waies to steer farm activities from the lacrimation of the Fieldss, to the sifting of the harvested harvests. Babylon? s civilization is rather amazing. Law and justness were indispensable constructs in the Babylon manner of life. At the caput of the political construction was the male monarch, a more or less absolute sovereign who exercised legislative and judicial every bit good as executive powers. Justice was upheld by the tribunals, each of which consisted of from one to four Judgess. Often the seniors of a town constituted a court. The Judgess could non change by reversal their determinations for any ground, but entreaties from their finding of facts could be made to the male monarch. Evidence! either of statements from informants or of written paperss. Babylonian legal constructs have been inherited, in one signifier or another, by many civilisations around the universe. Babylonian art and arch itecture continues to astonish modern-day historiographers. To guarantee that their legal, administrative, and economic establishments operated efficaciously, the Babylonns used the cuneiform system of composing developed by their Sumerian predecessors. To develop their Scribes, secretaries, archivists, and other administrative forces, they used the Sumerian system of formal instruction, under which secular schools employed as the cultural centres of the land. Throughout Babylon? s history, it stayed as an independent state. However, near its terminal, others began to occupy and suppress this great civilisation. Babylon was portion of the Persian imperium from 539 B.C. until 331 B.C. when Alexander the Great took over the imperium. Alexander the Great loved Babylon so much he was able to do Babylon the capital of his imperium, but he? expired? in 323 BC and after that point the Babylon imperium began to crumple everlastingly. For case, Babylonian influence is permeant throughout the Bible and in the plants of such Grecian poets as Homer and Hesiod, in the geometry of the Grecian mathematician Euclid, in uranology, in star divination, and in heraldry. More than 1200 old ages had elapsed from the glorious reign of Hammurabi to the subjection of Babylonia by the Persians. During this long span of clip the Babylonian societal construction, economic organisation, humanistic disciplines and trades, scientific discipline and literature, judicial system, and spiritual beliefs underwent considerable alteration, but by and large merely in inside informations, non in kernel. Grounded about entirely on the civilization of Sumer, Babylonian cultural accomplishments left a deep feeling on the full antediluvian universe, and peculiarly on the Hebrews and the Greeks. Even contemporary civilisation is indebted culturally to Babylonian civilisation to some extent. On the other manus the Babylonn imperium has left us with many great promotion in many Fieldss and besides made their imperium sucessful. In decision the Babylonn imperium was one of the greatest civilisations of all time on this planet. 1.Breasted, James 1959 Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Babylon Harper and Row, New York 2.Budge, E.A. Wallis 1973 Babylon Civilization Dover Publications, Inc. , New York 3.Budge, E.A. Wallis 1976 Babylonian Ideas of the Future Life Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner A ; Co. , London 4.Davis, A. Rosalie 1982 The Ancient Babylonian Routledge A ; Kegan Paul, London 5.Davis, Charles H.S. 1894 The Babylonian G.P. Putnam? s Sons, New York 6.Jaynes, Julian 1976 The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston 7.Wenke, Robert J. 1990 Patterns in Prehistory Oxford University Press, New York 8.Jantzen, Steven L. and Kringer and Neill. 1990. World History: Positions of the Past Houghton Mifflin Company, Canada. 9.Boersma, Jay 1998 Exploring Ancient World Cultures hypertext transfer protocol: //www.watson.org/rivendell/historyBabylon.html 10.Michael Smith and Sandeep Aggarwal, 1993 Ancient Civilizations hypertext transfer protocol: //home.echo-on.net/~smithda/

Dell Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dell Marketing - Case Study Example The Chinese market had grown to be the largest in the region from a volume standpoint, and as with each of the company's international channels posed its own set of unique challenges. The market leader domestically was Lenovo, a company which had an extensive small-to-medium scale business model appropriated for the country. In order to compete with Lenovo, for starters Dell tripled its production capacity by shoring up its operations in Xiamen. Bear in mind that for any sustainable competitive advantage to be achieved by the company in the region, the strategic plan must be closely adaptable to the pertinent market segments. Although opening its doors has resulted an a hitherto unseen westernization of the country, the smaller cities remain highly industrial in nature. Hence, the market demographic remained strictly lower income, most of whom were not comfortable ordering over the Internet. Dell's strategic answer to this was to open numerous offices across Chinese cities in deference to their direct sales business model. And as mentioned earlier, the unfamiliarity with E-commerce led Dell to make extensive use of toll-free numbers to cater to the less sophisticated business segment.

Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Reflections - Essay Example I do not own a car. I neither turn off my computer nor do I have any energy saving features. My diet is usually assorted meat, grains and vegetables that make me an Omnivore. I mostly obtain food from supermarkets. I occasionally select organic food. I usually have two large meals a day. These facts it leaves my food footprint at 100.7 global acres and the country average at 65.74 ga. I own a 4-bedroom house, which is built from concrete. Inside the house, I own a little furniture made from sustainably produced materials. I sometimes use cleaning products that are non-toxic. I often buy new furniture every one year. If everyone on the planet lived the way I do, we would need 6.02 Earths. This result is quite surprising and exaggerated. It clearly shows that I have a high consumption of global resources. This is not quite a good indication since I am using up the resources that I do not own and do not have. I believe the footprint of an individual in a less developed country has a smaller ecological count than mine. This calls for measures to be taken immediately since if this goes on I will be wasting resources that could have been shared by others. During the past week, I have had to cut down on food consumption to one large meal per day. I have developed a habit of switching off lights that are unused. In addition, I have learned to switch off electronic that are not in use. This has decreased the number of Earths required to 3.4. Ecological footprint analysis is an environmental accounting tool that estimates resource consumption. It also involves waste assimilation requirements of any population in terms of the corresponding productive land and water area. The following are waste materials I have thrown in the thrash can for the past one week: It is surprising how much garbage can accumulate with time. We do not realize it in day-to-day life. When my sister was an infant, we had to decide whether to

Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Quality Assurance - Essay Example Causes of shortfall in quality of air traffic control operations will also be identified to enable the management develop counteractive mechanisms to avoid future quality failures. The paper will recognise the role of quality improvement processes in ensuring NATS improves its service delivery. Strategies of managing and communicating quality improvements will be discussed in order to enable the management understand proper ways of creating awareness concerning quality improvements. Service quality primarily compares the expectations of air traffic control operations with its actual performance. The quality of a service determines the extent to which a service is tailored to meet the needs of customers (Summers, 2009). Principles of quality management are relevant to air traffic control operations since they encourage various institutions to focus on service features that can meet customer specifications. The quality of air traffic control services is determined by the strategies that navigation institutions adopt in performing their services. NATS witnessed the biggest shortfall in its service quality on December 7, 2013 caused by a breakdown in IT systems. NATS can address quality service problems through quality management processes including quality improvement cycle, total quality management, business process re-engineering and benchmarking. It is critical for NATS and the industry of air traffic control to ensure proper management and communication of qua lity improvements to both employees and customers using the tools of quality management. NATS has the potential for achieving competitiveness in service quality if the management embeds quality in its organisational culture. NATS has witnessed widespread teething problems caused by catastrophic failures of its software management systems. Passengers experienced 130,000 minutes delay with approximately 1,300 flights facing a severe delay.

International sustainable business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International sustainable business - Essay Example Over the years IBM is trying to make its products and services environmentally friendly. According to a report published by the Ceres investor Coalition in December 2008, IBM was ranked the top company for climate change strategy and practices among all major technology companies. IBM’s super computers were also ranked the most high speed and energy efficient in November 2008. Apart from these rankings, there are many other recognitions and awards given to IBM for being a true Green company. In 2009, IBM launched its â€Å"Ready for Energy and Environment† validation program for business partners. In this program, they had set criteria for business partners to make eco-friendly products. Only those partners who qualified the criteria partnered with them. IBM provides a Global Asset Recovery Service (GARS). It helps the consumers to easily dispose off unwanted technology. By this service, the waste does not pollute the environment. IBM has been reusing, remarketing and recycling computers for quite a long time now. IBM helps organizations to create a ‘green’ IT infrastructure by offering different products and services. IBM virtualization, Active Energy manager, IBM System z mainframe servers, IBM system x servers, and IBM Power systems are some of the products and services that it provides in order to improve power efficiency. IBM is no doubt the leading manufacturers of computing industry. But there are many other famous brands offering technology and computing services. Among the close competitors that IBM has, Hewlett Packard (HP) is one of the giants of technology. In the scenario of Green computing, HP is more advanced than IBM. According to CNNMoney.com, HP is ranked among the top 10 green giants- the only computer’s company in the list. HP has massive e-waste recycling plants, and it is trying to cut energy consumption more and more. HP’s own machines are 100 percent recyclable. They have various products that are

Respiration and Photosynthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Respiration and Photosynthesis - Essay Example These processes however differ in their reactants, products, stages, requirements, organisms and organelles in which they occur (Photosynthesis vs. Respiration 2012). Respiration is the set of chemical reactions in the cell cytoplasm and mitochondria that break-down sugars (glucose) in the presence of oxygen into energy in form of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) and carbon IV oxide (Respiration 2014). This series of aerobic reactions are summarised in the chemical equation below; - a) Glycolysis; - This is the break-down of glucose, a six carbon compound to pyruvate, a three carbon compound in the cytoplasm, a process that yields two ATP molecules (Photosynthesis vs. Respiration 2012). A glucose (C6) molecule is energized by the addition of a high-energy phosphate from ATP, forming glucose-6-phosphate which is re-arranged split into two Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (C3); each Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate contributes 2 electrons to NAD+, an electron carrier as two (2) low energy Adenosine di phosphate (ADP) molecules are elevated to Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) by addition of inorganic phosphate leaving pyruvate (University of Chicago at Illinois 2009). b) Krebs cycle; - Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into Acetyl-coA which is shuttled into the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. Acetyl-coA through interconversion of 4C compounds gives off two (2) Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) molecules, eight NADH and two FADH2 (University of Chicago at Illinois 2009). c) Electron transport chain; - The ten molecules of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle are broken down in the mitochondrial matrix to form Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP); a process powered by an H+ proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the matrix (Photosynthesis vs. Respiration 2012). The enzyme ATP Synthase powers the formation of ATP by reducing the proton gradient through electron transport. The

Based on the source, write a frictional story about 4 page long on the Essay - 1

Based on the source, write a frictional story about 4 page long on the Song Dynasty - Essay Example â€Å"Don’t be loud while saying that,† she replied in a whisper. I could understand the seriousness depicted through the sound wrinkles in her face shown by the bright moonlight. The mother had just a single caution if not a problem, she felt I should be protected from any possible persecution as the emperor spies had their ears laid on the ground so as to gather any spark of information. On the previous day, I heard my father narrating the declarations of King Liu Bei concerning the forthcoming war against Cao Cao to my mother at dusk. The king together with his friend from a neighboring kingdom, Sun Quan had vowed to fight and defend their kingdoms in earnest against any possible conquer by Cao Cao. The father concluded his story outlining that it was actually a time of war, and they (men) should be ready with their weapons and it was never a time for women. The women had their functions stated clearly as being responsible for motivating their men besides offering food and any probable support. I have a clear memory still of the last words I shared with my father before going to war. It appeared the war could be serious since it involved three kingdoms, but one army appeared to be well endowed with soldiers. â€Å"In case the war erupts, I think the battle field would be by the Yangtze River,† I told my father. â€Å"No, the destination of the war is not clear yet my son,† he replied. Soon, I could see him in his war gear characterized by a sword on the waist together with a stone and bronze armor. At this juncture, I expected to hear of survival after the war or the worst as had been experienced by unfortunate sons of women in the previous wars. I thought it was not yet the time for me to lose my father conversely, the feeling of my father losing his father in the previous wars overcame my conscience. I could believe slightly that it was the fate of my grandfather’s lineage that they

Western Civilization. Changing Attitudes from the Ancient World to the Essay

Western Civilization. Changing Attitudes from the Ancient World to the Early Modern Period - Essay Example The departure from the classical period into the middle ages was heralded by Christianity. Religion played a great deal in the events that led to the changes in both the medieval world and the renaissance. This paper will endeavor to point out the major factors of change from each era leading up to the 'rebirth' of a nation and the evolution of a continent. In order to accomplish this, we will start with a brief look of the transition from the classical era to the medieval period. The first focus of the paper will look at how the medieval time period was seen by those wanting change, and by examining key factors that contributed to the changes that led to the renaissance. Second the paper will examine at what point changes occurred and how these contributed to the revolution that was the renaissance. The paper will conclude with a look at the effects of those changes and how they affected the world at large. Religion throughout time has played a great role in the evolution of nations. Men have killed and been killed for their faith. The period after the classical know as the 'early middle ages' was fraught with religious overtures. The rule of law was based in god and the might of the king was based in his faith and in the power of the clergy who backed his rule. It was a time of the 'divine right of kings'. A good example of this is the story of Charlemagne who was crowned king due to his faith and devoutness by Pope Leo III.1 The rules of justice were also simplified and meted out by the king, the clergy and the aristocracy. This idea of divine right and the power of a certain body of individuals led to the suppression of the individual and his rights as a freeman. They were subjugated in favor of faith and authority. Religion and issues of eternal life took to the forefront and all things individualistic, such as art, were relegated to positions of least importance. This is the first glimpse of the 'backward' nature of the medieval era. The second factor that led to the belief of the middle ages as a backward time was the notion that this period was culturally stagnant. It was a time believed to have a "lack of secular Latin literature' as well as 'corruption within the Church such as Popes who ruled as kings, pagan superstitions with saints relics, celibate priesthood, and institutionalized moral hypocrisy."2 This view probably came from the fact that learning was mainly in the hands of the clergy. Most written works were of a religious nature done by scribes who slowly and meticulously copied and recorded only what was given to them by the church. There was not much written about the arts or science all secular beliefs banished from the light. There was no balance of society and the individual, and only the worldview of serving your faith (God) and serving your lord through obedience and following life according to the will of the church. It was an age of the supernatural versus reason with no options for choice. The third factor in the middle ages 'backward' theory stems from the economic sector. This was also stagnant due to the power being held in the hands of the aristocracy and the guilds. The wealth of the society was in the hands of a few and no one individual could do business without the approval or backing of the guilds or the aristocracy. An emerging middle class at the end of the Crusades was also to become apart of this factor for change. At the end of the Crusades, many people sought out life in the cities and created a need for goods and services. They also developed an interest in the many cultures they had come in contact and wanted to experience and change

Malcolm X Essay Example for Free

Malcolm X Essay 1.What details of the events has each writer selected to focus on? Each writer selected to focus on the person that Malcolm X was overall. I believe that they put so much emphasis on the events that took place up until his assassination to show how important he was. Each person meant what his purpose was in the ballroom that day. Each writer also mentioned how many people were there to show his importance also. One crucial detail was that Malcolm X was shot by a member of his own race. 2.How has each writer organized the details that have been selected? Each writer organized the details as if they were watching a television show. They presented the end result first. Then they explained what led to that outcome. Afterwards they explained the reaction the assassination. I can relate to the way they organized the details. When I witness or find something out, I normally say what happened. For example, â€Å"Amber, the car is broken.† Of course the next question would be, how? 3.How does each writer interpret Malcolm X, his followers, the gunmen, and the significance of the assassination? Each writer perceived Malcolm X to be a leader, respected by many. They showed how relaxed he was when the argument began. His followers were in shock because he showed them how to be calm and control themselves through hard times. The gunmen were perceived as someone Malcolm X had problems with in the past. The assassination was shocking because he was killed by a black man when he focused on the mistreatment of the whites. 4.How has each writer used language to express his or her perspectives and to influence the thinking of the reader? Each writer used language by explaining the emotions of everyone when the assassination occurred. The writers wrote in a way to show how important Malcolm X life was. I think that expressing how you felt on a situation is the best way to connect to writers. Your feelings can help others relate.

The importance of caterpillar inc in mining

The importance of caterpillar inc in mining Caterpillar Inc is the largest maker of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines and industrial gas turbines in the world (Caterpillar Inc, 2010, p.1). It was started in 1925, and is based in Peoria, Illinois. Its operations are divided into three segments: machinery, engines, and financial business segments (Businessweek, 2010). With a global footprint, Caterpillar Inc.s product line boasts of more than 300 products, manufactured in twenty three countries (Caterpillar Inc, 2010). In the sections that follow, an internal analysis of the firm is carried out and its distinctive capabilities and core competencies evaluated. Its corporate, functional, and competitive strategies are also analyzed. Distinctive capabilities: The resource-based view of the firm asserts that an organizations resources and capabilities underpin the bedrock upon which the firms competitive advantage and strategy is based. While resources refer to the productive assets owned by the firm (Saloner, Shepard, and Podolny, 2008, p.12), capabilities refer to what the firm can do (Saloner, Shepard, and Podolny, 2008, p.12). Three types of resources have been identified: tangible resources, intangible resources, and human resources. As far as Caterpillar Inc is concerned, these are discussed below: Tangible Resources: Financial Resources: Caterpillar has a strong and healthy cash flow position. Net cash flows have increased from $592,000 in 2007 to $1,614,000 in 2008 and $2,131,000 in 2009 (Yahoo Finance, 2010). It enjoys strong market capitalization, which stands at $39.8 billion compared to only $6.29 billion for its closest competitor and the industry average of $1.71 billion. Its operating margins as well as price earnings ratio are well above the industry average (Yahoo Finance, 2010). Caterpillars sales revenues, profits, and other financial indicators have shown a consistent improvement over the years. For instance, sales revenues have risen from $30.3bn in 2004 to $51.3bn by 2008, surpassing the firms 2010 target of $50bn with two years to go. Over the same period, profits have risen from $2bn to $3.6bn. Other financial ratios have also witnessed a strong climb-up (Annual Report). The firm also boasts of an investment-grade credit rating as well as easy access to the capital (Caterpillar I nc, 2009). Marketing Resources: Caterpillar Inc has a marketing and distribution system that spans the entire globe. Additionally, it holds the market leadership position in the construction and mining industries as well as in the construction of natural gas, diesel, and industrial engines (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). With the broadest global footprint in the industry, it is very well diversified in terms of geographical spread and derives only 33% of its revenues in the US market. With over 300 products in its product line, its product base can be described as broad and well diversified which can help cushion it against downturns in specific product areas. Its customer service can also be described as superior, given that the firm offers among others quality assurance underpinned by a three year warranty, as well as fixed rate long-term financing tailored to specific customer needs (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). Physical Resources: Caterpillar Inc boasts of hi-tech manufacturing facilities spread in at least twenty three countries, and geared towards production in thirteen different industries. Under the Caterpillar Production System (CPS), it has a world class manufacturing, supply chain, and distribution system that are closely aligned with the flexible manufacturing philosophy (Caterpilar Inc, 2009). Intangible Resources: Technology: the number of patents which Caterpillar Inc has received has continued to increase year after successive year. By 2010, it had 620 patents. This is in line with its expenditure on RD which has grown from just $928 million in 2004 to $1.73bn by 2008 (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). Reputation: the market leader in the construction and mining industries and in the natural gas, industrial, and diesel engine industries, Caterpillar enjoys strong brand recognition as well as a strong reputation for machines distinguished by their specialist expertise, durability, design, as well as dealer and service excellence. According to Saloner, Shepard, and Podolny (2008, p.12), resources by themselves cannot give a firm a competitive advantage but must be blended together to give the firm capabilities. Based on the inventory of Caterpillar Inc.s resources presented above, the firms capabilities can be given as follows: strong financial position which also gives the firm a high ability to finance innovation (RD) and working capital requirements, raise credit financing to expand its operations or investments, as well as the ability to finance its customers and dealers purchases over the long run. Strong innovation capabilities as evidenced by the increasing number of patents it holds and the sustained investment in RD activities. Supply chain efficiencies (flexibility, cost effectiveness, etc) as evidenced by its Caterpillar Production System (CPS). Strong manufacturing and distribution capabilities as evidenced by its global configuration of production, supply, and distribution facilities. Strong marketing capabilities as defined by its market leadership position, broad product portfolio (over 300 products in thirteen different industries), its strong brand recognition and reputation, and superior customer service and excellence. Selznick (1990) coined the term distinctive competences / capabilities to describe those things which the organization does extremely well relative to its marketplace rivals. In the case of Caterpillar Inc, its distinctive capabilities can be said to include: its innovation and financial capabilities as well as its well-diversified product base and geographical spread. Core competencies: Prahalad and Hamel (1990) define core competencies as those capabilities which are central to an organizations achievement of a sustainable competitive advantage. For the capability to be termed as a core competence, it has to meet four criteria as spelled out by the VRIO framework. It must be valuable, rare, inimitable, and the organization must be sufficiently organized to exploit it. While Caterpillar Inc has a very broad product line and wide geographical spread, this can be easily replicated by its rivals through a deliberate strategy of market development and product diversification. Its supply chain capabilities can also be easily replicated through undertaking demand and supply chain integration activities such as maintaining low inventory levels and adopting flexible manufacturing systems. Its main core competencies therefore are its innovation capabilities, its superior financial position, and its superior customer service. Strategy: Strategy formulation has been described as taking place at three levels: the corporate level, business level, and the functional level. Robbins and Coulter (2005) identify three types of corporate strategies. These include growth, retrenchment, and stability strategies. Traditionally, Caterpillar has pursued the growth strategy which involves aggressively expanding into new markets and introducing new products so that by 2008 it had more than 300 products. Apart from its domestic US market, it has spread to most countries in Asia Pacific, Africa, Europe and Middle East, and Latin America. However, prompted by the increasingly cyclical nature of the industries across which it operates as well as the recent global economic recession, the firm put brakes on its growth strategy and pursued a retrenchment strategy instead. This was characterized by cost reduction initiatives, closure of underperforming business units, and employee layoffs (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). According to its annual report, the firms trough planning initiative has involved: Scaling down the number of its employees by more than 20,000, through voluntary as well as forced layoffs. Additionally, the firm has done away with many contingent workers (that is, temporary, agency, and contract employees). Reducing working hours as well as closing some plants temporarily in many of its global facilities. In some areas, the firm has introduced shorter working weeks. The firm has also undertaken various measures to optimize its supply chain management. These include reduction of inventories (which is expected to lead to lower inventory carrying costs), forging closer relationships with key suppliers, and the alignment of its logistical processes to conform to its flexible manufacturing system dubbed the Caterpillar Production System (CPS). It has drastically reduced compensation levels for its employees and managers, in some instances by as much as half. This is expected to drive cost savings. According to Robbins and Coulter (2005), firms which pursue the corporate strategy of growth have various strategic alternatives at their disposal. These include: concentration, vertical integration, horizontal integration, and diversification strategies. Of the four strategies, Caterpillar Inc has primarily made use of the diversification and horizontal integration strategies. Diversification involves expanding the firms scope of operations into other industries and product lines and this can be seen in the firms expansion to over 300 products and in thirteen industries. The horizontal integration strategy involves merging operations with other players in the same industry with a view of enhancing the firms competitive thrust and lowering competition in the industry. In the case of Caterpillar, this is evidenced by: Combination of its operations with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in 1965 in the Japanese market; joint venture with Navistar International Corporation which led to the creation of a new entity known as NC2 Global LLC in 2009; and a joint venture agreement with China Yuchai Machinery Co. Ltd in 2009 (Businessweek, 2010). The Ansoff Matrix has further identified the strategies which can be pursued by a firm deploying the corporate strategy of growth as: product development, market development, diversification, and market penetration strategies (Mercer, 1996). The firm has predominantly made use of the product development strategy which involves the introduction of new products for existing markets. Cases in point include the introduction by the company of next generation mining trucks, the first ever electric drive tracks in the industry, as well as the innovation of the revolutionary cat 175 engine (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). The market development strategy is also evident in the firms strategic posture, especially in its forays into more countries through geographic expansion. Some of the countries recently ventured into by Caterpillar include Saudi Arabia and India (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). At the business level, three main strategies have been identified. These include the overall low cost leadership strategy, the differentiation strategy, and the niche / focus strategy. The niche strategy has further been distinguished as either a differentiated niche strategy or focused low cost strategy. Additionally, an organization may follow a stuck in the middle approach where it simultaneously pursues two or more of these strategies (Porter, 1998). Of the three generic strategies, Caterpillar Inc can be described as following the generic strategy of differentiation. As its annual report (Caterpillar, 2009) attests, this strategy is based on two of its core competencies: its innovation capabilities and superior customer service. Functional level strategies are strategies which are implemented at the functional level in order to support the business level and ultimately, the corporate level strategies (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). For example, as far as the human resource is concerned, the firm continues to put a lot of emphasis on the training and development of its personnel. In 2008 for example, it spent up to $60 million in training and development initiatives. By ensuring that its employees are well trained and developed, the firm can see to it that creativity and innovation is fostered and that the staff are in a position to deliver exceptional levels of customer service. Its customer service strategy for example has involved offering three year warranties, and long term financing for customers and dealers (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). Its manufacturing strategy has involved upgrading of its facilities. For example, in 2008, the firm spent up to $2.4 billion in initiatives aimed at modernizing its manufacturing infrastructure. Other functional level strategies include ensuring costs are kept within manageable levels while maintaining high quality standards through initiatives such as the Six Sigma program, and ensuring that the organization is aligned with emerging market needs (Caterpillar Inc, 2009).

Creativity In The Early Years

Creativity In The Early Years Creativity in an early years setting is difficult to define, although definitions have been provided on the basis of the attempting to define the process of creativity, the product of a persons creativity or the personal attributes that contribute to creativity. Creativity has, for example, been defined as, a novel and appropriate response to an open-ended task (Amabile and Hennessey, 1992) or as very much a processà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦often with no clearly identifiable outcomes or productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(allowing children the scope) to explore new possibilities and create new and exciting connections between people, places and thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to discover meanings in their world (Department for Children, School and Families, 2007). I believe, from my personal point of view, that creativity is actually a mixture of all three of these perspectives: people who have certain attributes are more likely to be able to think, and respond, creatively to certain situations and tasks, via certain processes than people who lack these attributes. Creativity, however, is more than the possession of certain attributes and is certainly not linked to intelligence: it is a factor that individuals can bring to all aspects of their lives, in terms of solving problems in all aspects of their lives in terms of approaching tasks in a creative manner in order to find creative solutions to these tasks, be these artistic endeavors or tasks related to music, mathematics or science. As the Department for Children, School and Families (2007) explain, creativity can transform understanding by fostering critical thinking, allowing children to review, reinvent and make new meanings for themselves. Creativity thus understood defines all aspects of a childs school life, not only traditionally artistic endeavors but also all other disciplines such as mathematics and the sciences: creatively thinking about numbers, for example, can lead children to understand the beauty of mathematics and the fascinating world of physics, which can open their minds to new worlds and new possibilities. Teaching mathematics by rote, seeking only the right answers to set questions will only lead children to hate mathematics classes and to view mathematics as an abstracted idea that is not useful to them, practically, in their lives. Creativity, in this sense, then, can be fostered by encouraging children to explore their surroundings, allowing them to seek their own questions about their surroundings and helping them to arrive at interesting answers for their questions, where interesting answers can be understood as answers that will satisfy them and lead them to further questions. Guiding childrens learning in this manner can encourage creative thinking, giving power to childrens ideas and thoughts, allowing them to creatively solve problems. Allowing children to enjoy the process of thinking, of learning, of researching, can embody creativity in them, in terms of allowing them to develop their own creative responses to their learning experiences and their own creative ways of understanding the world around them. As Amabile and Hennessey (1992) argue, people will be most creative when they feel motivated primarily by the interest, enjoyment, satisfaction and challenges of the work itself rather than by external pressures with such self-directed motivation leading to higher incidences of creativity and self-determined competence. Self-determination, as Amabile and Hennessey (1992) argue, is central to the development of meaningful creativity, i.e., creative thinking that can have real meaning in the lives of children, allowing them to produce creative solutions to all problems they encounter. Creativity can only be fostered, and used in practice to develop meaningful ways of thinking, when three components are present: domain-relevant skills (such as knowledge, experience and talent in a particular domain); creativity-relevant skills (such as independent, flexible, risk-oriented thinking); and task motivation (with intrinsic, not extrinsic motivation being more likely to lead to creative thin king) (Amabile and Hennessey, 1992). As Duffy (2006) argues, the promotion of open-ended thinking, via the use of open-ended activities, can encourage creativity in young children, encouraging the development of creative solutions via experimentation, exploration, discovery and invention. This encouragement of open-ended thinking, argues Duffy (2006) makes learning more meaningful to young children, allowing them, as it does, the scope to develop their own thoughts about themselves, their environment and their relationships, allowing them to develop their own creative responses to the questions that arise for them, from this understanding. Creativity can, thus, argues Duffy (2006) be encouraged and can, through this encouragement, be learned, with its ramifications, as Craft (2002) argues, being lifewide, equipping young children with the tools they need to develop and maintain a positive, open-minded approach to learning. As Prentice (2000) argues, it can be difficult, within the structure of early years education, with its curriculum and its goals that have to be attained, to encourage such creative thinking, in terms of not having the space to foster the conditions most likely to promote creative thought and action. In my experience, classrooms are often not conducive to the fostering of creative thinking, rather being geared towards the attainment of curriculum goals, and right answer dominated thinking, i.e., teaching, and learning, aimed solely at getting the right answer, not at teaching, or, rather, engendering, creative thinking processes. My personal view of the topic is that creativity is a fundamentally important skill to teach to young children in an early years setting, in terms of equipping children with the tools they need to approach all of their subsequent learning and to move in to the world, in order to deal, not only with their academic work, but with all the situations that their life might present to them. Creative thinking, the creative invention of solutions to problems, can better help children to face not only their academic work but also their lives, allowing them to deal creatively with problems they might encounter, equipping them with the tools they need to move positively through their lives. Conclusion Creativity is fundamentally important in the early years setting, equipping children with a whole way of viewing, exploring and understanding their world, allowing them to explore new possibilities in the ways in which they learn. The importance of creativity in the early years setting cannot be underestimated and, in my personal view, more should be done to foster creativity in young children. Although the Early Years Foundation curriculum highlights that childrens creativity must be extended by the provision of support for their curiosity, exploration and playà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and (children) must be provided with opportunities to explore and share their thoughts, creativity, ideas and feelings (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2009), recent research, as highlighted in this essay has shown that the forging lifelong, lifewide, creativity in children is a more intrinsic, more involved, more holistic process than simply providing children the opportunity to learn through pla y.